héler

See also: heler

French

Etymology

From Middle French heiler (“to hail”), from Middle English heilen (“to greet, call to, salute”), from hail, heil (“health”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse heill (“health”), from Proto-Germanic *hailzą, *hailijō (“health”), *hailaz (“whole, hale, safe”), from Proto-Indo-European *koil- (“safe, unharmed”). Cognate with Old English hǣl, hǣlu (“health, safety”). More at whole.

Pronunciation

^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /e.le/

Verb

héler

to hail (call out loudly)

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written ‘é’) and /ɛ/ (written ‘è’), with the latter being used before mute ‘e’. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written héler-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written hèler-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of héler (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive
present participle		hélant /e.lɑ̃/
past participle		hélé /e.le/
simple		héler
compound		avoir + past participle
gerund¹
simple		hélant /e.lɑ̃/
compound		ayant + past participle
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	hèle /ɛl/	hèles /ɛl/	hèle /ɛl/	hélons /e.lɔ̃/	hélez /e.le/	hèlent /ɛl/
	imperfect	hélais /e.lɛ/	hélais /e.lɛ/	hélait /e.lɛ/	hélions /e.ljɔ̃/	héliez /e.lje/	hélaient /e.lɛ/
	past historic²	hélai /e.le/	hélas /e.la/	héla /e.la/	hélâmes /e.lam/	hélâtes /e.lat/	hélèrent /e.lɛʁ/
	future	hèlerai or hélerai /ɛl.ʁe/	hèleras or héleras /ɛl.ʁa/	hèlera or hélera /ɛl.ʁa/	hèlerons or hélerons /ɛl.ʁɔ̃/	hèlerez or hélerez /ɛl.ʁe/	hèleront or héleront /ɛl.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	hèlerais or hélerais /ɛl.ʁɛ/	hèlerais or hélerais /ɛl.ʁɛ/	hèlerait or hélerait /ɛl.ʁɛ/	hèlerions or hélerions /ɛ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/	hèleriez or héleriez /ɛ.lə.ʁje/	hèleraient or héleraient /ɛl.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	hèle /ɛl/	hèles /ɛl/	hèle /ɛl/	hélions /e.ljɔ̃/	héliez /e.lje/	hèlent /ɛl/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	hélasse /e.las/	hélasses /e.las/	hélât /e.la/	hélassions /e.la.sjɔ̃/	hélassiez /e.la.sje/	hélassent /e.las/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	hèle /ɛl/	—	hélons /e.lɔ̃/	hélez /e.le/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ Only usable with preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants

Haitian Creole: rele