gercer
French
Etymology
From Middle French garser (“to skin, flay”), from Old French garser, jarser (“to gash, wound”), possibly from Late Latin caraxāre, charaxāre, from Ancient Greek χαράσσειν (kharássein, “to cut, incise”). Alternatively from Latin *carptiāre, from carpĕre (“to pull, pluck”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒɛʁ.se/
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which ‘c’ is softened to a ‘ç’ before the vowels ‘a’ and ‘o’.
Conjugation of gercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | gerçant /ʒɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | gercé /ʒɛʁ.se/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | gercer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | gerçant /ʒɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerces /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerçons /ʒɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
gercez /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
gercent /ʒɛʁs/ |
| imperfect | gerçais /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gerçais /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gerçait /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gercions /ʒɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
gerciez /ʒɛʁ.sje/ |
gerçaient /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gerçai /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
gerças /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerça /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerçâmes /ʒɛʁ.sam/ |
gerçâtes /ʒɛʁ.sat/ |
gercèrent /ʒɛʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | gercerai /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
gerceras /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
gercera /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
gercerons /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
gercerez /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
gerceront /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gercerais /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerais /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerait /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerions /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gerceriez /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
gerceraient /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerces /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gercions /ʒɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
gerciez /ʒɛʁ.sje/ |
gercent /ʒɛʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | gerçasse /ʒɛʁ.sas/ |
gerçasses /ʒɛʁ.sas/ |
gerçât /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerçassions /ʒɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
gerçassiez /ʒɛʁ.sa.sje/ |
gerçassent /ʒɛʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
— | gerçons /ʒɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
gercez /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “gercer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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