futha
Zulu
Verb
-futha
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufutha | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufutha | ukungafuthi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | futha | -futhe | |||||||
Plural | futhani | -futheni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafutha, ngifutha | engifuthayo, engifutha | ngifutha | angifuthi | engingafuthi | ngingafuthi | |||
2nd singular | uyafutha, ufutha | ofuthayo, ofutha | ufutha | awufuthi | ongafuthi | ungafuthi | |||
1st plural | siyafutha, sifutha | esifuthayo, esifutha | sifutha | asifuthi | esingafuthi | singafuthi | |||
2nd plural | niyafutha, nifutha | enifuthayo, enifutha | nifutha | anifuthi | eningafuthi | ningafuthi | |||
Class 1 | uyafutha, ufutha | ofuthayo, ofutha | efutha | akafuthi | ongafuthi | engafuthi | |||
Class 2 | bayafutha, bafutha | abafuthayo, abafutha | befutha | abafuthi | abangafuthi | bengafuthi | |||
Class 3 | uyafutha, ufutha | ofuthayo, ofutha | ufutha | awufuthi | ongafuthi | ungafuthi | |||
Class 4 | iyafutha, ifutha | efuthayo, efutha | ifutha | ayifuthi | engafuthi | ingafuthi | |||
Class 5 | liyafutha, lifutha | elifuthayo, elifutha | lifutha | alifuthi | elingafuthi | lingafuthi | |||
Class 6 | ayafutha, afutha | afuthayo, afutha | efutha | awafuthi | angafuthi | engafuthi | |||
Class 7 | siyafutha, sifutha | esifuthayo, esifutha | sifutha | asifuthi | esingafuthi | singafuthi | |||
Class 8 | ziyafutha, zifutha | ezifuthayo, ezifutha | zifutha | azifuthi | ezingafuthi | zingafuthi | |||
Class 9 | iyafutha, ifutha | efuthayo, efutha | ifutha | ayifuthi | engafuthi | ingafuthi | |||
Class 10 | ziyafutha, zifutha | ezifuthayo, ezifutha | zifutha | azifuthi | ezingafuthi | zingafuthi | |||
Class 11 | luyafutha, lufutha | olufuthayo, olufutha | lufutha | alufuthi | olungafuthi | lungafuthi | |||
Class 14 | buyafutha, bufutha | obufuthayo, obufutha | bufutha | abufuthi | obungafuthi | bungafuthi | |||
Class 15 | kuyafutha, kufutha | okufuthayo, okufutha | kufutha | akufuthi | okungafuthi | kungafuthi | |||
Class 17 | kuyafutha, kufutha | okufuthayo, okufutha | kufutha | akufuthi | okungafuthi | kungafuthi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifuthile, ngifuthē | engifuthile, engifuthē | ngifuthile, ngifuthē | angifuthanga | engingafuthanga | ngingafuthanga | |||
2nd singular | ufuthile, ufuthē | ofuthile, ofuthē | ufuthile, ufuthē | awufuthanga | ongafuthanga | ungafuthanga | |||
1st plural | sifuthile, sifuthē | esifuthile, esifuthē | sifuthile, sifuthē | asifuthanga | esingafuthanga | singafuthanga | |||
2nd plural | nifuthile, nifuthē | enifuthile, enifuthē | nifuthile, nifuthē | anifuthanga | eningafuthanga | ningafuthanga | |||
Class 1 | ufuthile, ufuthē | ofuthile, ofuthē | efuthile, efuthē | akafuthanga | ongafuthanga | engafuthanga | |||
Class 2 | bafuthile, bafuthē | abafuthile, abafuthē | befuthile, befuthē | abafuthanga | abangafuthanga | bengafuthanga | |||
Class 3 | ufuthile, ufuthē | ofuthile, ofuthē | ufuthile, ufuthē | awufuthanga | ongafuthanga | ungafuthanga | |||
Class 4 | ifuthile, ifuthē | efuthile, efuthē | ifuthile, ifuthē | ayifuthanga | engafuthanga | ingafuthanga | |||
Class 5 | lifuthile, lifuthē | elifuthile, elifuthē | lifuthile, lifuthē | alifuthanga | elingafuthanga | lingafuthanga | |||
Class 6 | afuthile, afuthē | afuthile, afuthē | efuthile, efuthē | awafuthanga | angafuthanga | engafuthanga | |||
Class 7 | sifuthile, sifuthē | esifuthile, esifuthē | sifuthile, sifuthē | asifuthanga | esingafuthanga | singafuthanga | |||
Class 8 | zifuthile, zifuthē | ezifuthile, ezifuthē | zifuthile, zifuthē | azifuthanga | ezingafuthanga | zingafuthanga | |||
Class 9 | ifuthile, ifuthē | efuthile, efuthē | ifuthile, ifuthē | ayifuthanga | engafuthanga | ingafuthanga | |||
Class 10 | zifuthile, zifuthē | ezifuthile, ezifuthē | zifuthile, zifuthē | azifuthanga | ezingafuthanga | zingafuthanga | |||
Class 11 | lufuthile, lufuthē | olufuthile, olufuthē | lufuthile, lufuthē | alufuthanga | olungafuthanga | lungafuthanga | |||
Class 14 | bufuthile, bufuthē | obufuthile, obufuthē | bufuthile, bufuthē | abufuthanga | obungafuthanga | bungafuthanga | |||
Class 15 | kufuthile, kufuthē | okufuthile, okufuthē | kufuthile, kufuthē | akufuthanga | okungafuthanga | kungafuthanga | |||
Class 17 | kufuthile, kufuthē | okufuthile, okufuthē | kufuthile, kufuthē | akufuthanga | okungafuthanga | kungafuthanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfutha | engāfutha | ngāfutha | angifuthanga | engingafuthanga | ngingafuthanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfutha | owāfutha | wāfutha | awufuthanga | ongafuthanga | ungafuthanga | |||
1st plural | sāfutha | esāfutha | sāfutha | asifuthanga | esingafuthanga | singafuthanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfutha | enāfutha | nāfutha | anifuthanga | eningafuthanga | ningafuthanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfutha | owāfutha | āfutha | akafuthanga | ongafuthanga | engafuthanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfutha | abāfutha | bāfutha | abafuthanga | abangafuthanga | bengafuthanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfutha | owāfutha | wāfutha | awufuthanga | ongafuthanga | ungafuthanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfutha | eyāfutha | yāfutha | ayifuthanga | engafuthanga | ingafuthanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfutha | elāfutha | lāfutha | alifuthanga | elingafuthanga | lingafuthanga | |||
Class 6 | āfutha | āfutha | āfutha | awafuthanga | angafuthanga | engafuthanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfutha | esāfutha | sāfutha | asifuthanga | esingafuthanga | singafuthanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfutha | ezāfutha | zāfutha | azifuthanga | ezingafuthanga | zingafuthanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfutha | eyāfutha | yāfutha | ayifuthanga | engafuthanga | ingafuthanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfutha | ezāfutha | zāfutha | azifuthanga | ezingafuthanga | zingafuthanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfutha | olwāfutha | lwāfutha | alufuthanga | olungafuthanga | lungafuthanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfutha | obāfutha | bāfutha | abufuthanga | obungafuthanga | bungafuthanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfutha | okwāfutha | kwāfutha | akufuthanga | okungafuthanga | kungafuthanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfutha | okwāfutha | kwāfutha | akufuthanga | okungafuthanga | kungafuthanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafutha | — | ngingafutha | ngingefuthe | — | ngingefuthe | |||
2nd singular | ungafutha | — | ungafutha | ungefuthe | — | ungefuthe | |||
1st plural | singafutha | — | singafutha | singefuthe | — | singefuthe | |||
2nd plural | ningafutha | — | ningafutha | ningefuthe | — | ningefuthe | |||
Class 1 | angafutha | — | engafutha | angefuthe | — | engefuthe | |||
Class 2 | bangafutha | — | bengafutha | bangefuthe | — | bengefuthe | |||
Class 3 | ungafutha | — | ungafutha | ungefuthe | — | ungefuthe | |||
Class 4 | ingafutha | — | ingafutha | ingefuthe | — | ingefuthe | |||
Class 5 | lingafutha | — | lingafutha | lingefuthe | — | lingefuthe | |||
Class 6 | angafutha | — | engafutha | angefuthe | — | engefuthe | |||
Class 7 | singafutha | — | singafutha | singefuthe | — | singefuthe | |||
Class 8 | zingafutha | — | zingafutha | zingefuthe | — | zingefuthe | |||
Class 9 | ingafutha | — | ingafutha | ingefuthe | — | ingefuthe | |||
Class 10 | zingafutha | — | zingafutha | zingefuthe | — | zingefuthe | |||
Class 11 | lungafutha | — | lungafutha | lungefuthe | — | lungefuthe | |||
Class 14 | bungafutha | — | bungafutha | bungefuthe | — | bungefuthe | |||
Class 15 | kungafutha | — | kungafutha | kungefuthe | — | kungefuthe | |||
Class 17 | kungafutha | — | kungafutha | kungefuthe | — | kungefuthe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofutha | engizofutha | ngizofutha | angizufutha | — | ngingezufutha | |||
2nd singular | uzofutha | ozofutha | uzofutha | awuzufutha | — | ungezufutha | |||
1st plural | sizofutha | esizofutha | sizofutha | asizufutha | — | singezufutha | |||
2nd plural | nizofutha | enizofutha | nizofutha | anizufutha | — | ningezufutha | |||
Class 1 | uzofutha | ozofutha | ezofutha | akazufutha | — | engezufutha | |||
Class 2 | bazofutha | abazofutha | bezofutha | abazufutha | — | bengezufutha | |||
Class 3 | uzofutha | ozofutha | uzofutha | awuzufutha | — | ungezufutha | |||
Class 4 | izofutha | ezofutha | izofutha | ayizufutha | — | ingezufutha | |||
Class 5 | lizofutha | elizofutha | lizofutha | alizufutha | — | lingezufutha | |||
Class 6 | azofutha | azofutha | ezofutha | awazufutha | — | engezufutha | |||
Class 7 | sizofutha | esizofutha | sizofutha | asizufutha | — | singezufutha | |||
Class 8 | zizofutha | ezizofutha | zizofutha | azizufutha | — | zingezufutha | |||
Class 9 | izofutha | ezofutha | izofutha | ayizufutha | — | ingezufutha | |||
Class 10 | zizofutha | ezizofutha | zizofutha | azizufutha | — | zingezufutha | |||
Class 11 | luzofutha | oluzofutha | luzofutha | aluzufutha | — | lungezufutha | |||
Class 14 | buzofutha | obuzofutha | buzofutha | abuzufutha | — | bungezufutha | |||
Class 15 | kuzofutha | okuzofutha | kuzofutha | akuzufutha | — | kungezufutha | |||
Class 17 | kuzofutha | okuzofutha | kuzofutha | akuzufutha | — | kungezufutha | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofutha | engiyofutha | ngiyofutha | angiyufutha | — | ngingeyufutha | |||
2nd singular | uyofutha | oyofutha | uyofutha | awuyufutha | — | ungeyufutha | |||
1st plural | siyofutha | esiyofutha | siyofutha | asiyufutha | — | singeyufutha | |||
2nd plural | niyofutha | eniyofutha | niyofutha | aniyufutha | — | ningeyufutha | |||
Class 1 | uyofutha | oyofutha | eyofutha | akayufutha | — | engeyufutha | |||
Class 2 | bayofutha | abayofutha | beyofutha | abayufutha | — | bengeyufutha | |||
Class 3 | uyofutha | oyofutha | uyofutha | awuyufutha | — | ungeyufutha | |||
Class 4 | iyofutha | eyofutha | iyofutha | ayiyufutha | — | ingeyufutha | |||
Class 5 | liyofutha | eliyofutha | liyofutha | aliyufutha | — | lingeyufutha | |||
Class 6 | ayofutha | ayofutha | eyofutha | awayufutha | — | engeyufutha | |||
Class 7 | siyofutha | esiyofutha | siyofutha | asiyufutha | — | singeyufutha | |||
Class 8 | ziyofutha | eziyofutha | ziyofutha | aziyufutha | — | zingeyufutha | |||
Class 9 | iyofutha | eyofutha | iyofutha | ayiyufutha | — | ingeyufutha | |||
Class 10 | ziyofutha | eziyofutha | ziyofutha | aziyufutha | — | zingeyufutha | |||
Class 11 | luyofutha | oluyofutha | luyofutha | aluyufutha | — | lungeyufutha | |||
Class 14 | buyofutha | obuyofutha | buyofutha | abuyufutha | — | bungeyufutha | |||
Class 15 | kuyofutha | okuyofutha | kuyofutha | akuyufutha | — | kungeyufutha | |||
Class 17 | kuyofutha | okuyofutha | kuyofutha | akuyufutha | — | kungeyufutha | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifuthe | ngingafuthi | |||||||
2nd singular | ufuthe | ungafuthi | |||||||
1st plural | sifuthe | singafuthi | |||||||
2nd plural | nifuthe | ningafuthi | |||||||
Class 1 | afuthe | angafuthi | |||||||
Class 2 | bafuthe | bangafuthi | |||||||
Class 3 | ufuthe | ungafuthi | |||||||
Class 4 | ifuthe | ingafuthi | |||||||
Class 5 | lifuthe | lingafuthi | |||||||
Class 6 | afuthe | angafuthi | |||||||
Class 7 | sifuthe | singafuthi | |||||||
Class 8 | zifuthe | zingafuthi | |||||||
Class 9 | ifuthe | ingafuthi | |||||||
Class 10 | zifuthe | zingafuthi | |||||||
Class 11 | lufuthe | lungafuthi | |||||||
Class 14 | bufuthe | bungafuthi | |||||||
Class 15 | kufuthe | kungafuthi | |||||||
Class 17 | kufuthe | kungafuthi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafutha | ngangafutha, angafutha, angangafutha | |||||||
2nd singular | wafutha | wangafutha, awafutha, awangafutha | |||||||
1st plural | safutha | sangafutha, asafutha, asangafutha | |||||||
2nd plural | nafutha | nangafutha, anafutha, anangafutha | |||||||
Class 1 | wafutha | wangafutha, akafutha, akangafutha | |||||||
Class 2 | bafutha | bangafutha, abafutha, abangafutha | |||||||
Class 3 | wafutha | wangafutha, awafutha, awangafutha | |||||||
Class 4 | yafutha | yangafutha, ayafutha, ayangafutha | |||||||
Class 5 | lafutha | langafutha, alafutha, alangafutha | |||||||
Class 6 | afutha | angafutha, awafutha, awangafutha | |||||||
Class 7 | safutha | sangafutha, asafutha, asangafutha | |||||||
Class 8 | zafutha | zangafutha, azafutha, azangafutha | |||||||
Class 9 | yafutha | yangafutha, ayafutha, ayangafutha | |||||||
Class 10 | zafutha | zangafutha, azafutha, azangafutha | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafutha | lwangafutha, alwafutha, alwangafutha | |||||||
Class 14 | bafutha | bangafutha, abafutha, abangafutha | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafutha | kwangafutha, akwafutha, akwangafutha | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafutha | kwangafutha, akwafutha, akwangafutha |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “futha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “futha (6.3)”
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