espirer
Old French
Alternative forms
- anspirer
- enspirer
- inspirer
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin spīrāre, present active infinitive of spīrō[1]. Compare Spanish espirar, cf. also Italian ispirare. The form enspirer was influenced by Latin inspīrāre.
Verb
espirer
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of espirer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | espirer | avoir espiré | |||||
| gerund | en espirant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | espirant | ||||||
| past participle | espiré | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | espir | espires | espire | espirons | espirez | espirent |
| imperfect | espiroie, espireie, espiroe, espireve | espiroies, espireies, espiroes, espireves | espiroit, espireit, espirot, espireve | espiriiens, espiriens | espiriiez, espiriez | espiroient, espireient, espiroent, espirevent | |
| preterite | espirai | espiras | espira | espirames | espirastes | espirerent | |
| future | espirerai | espireras | espirera | espirerons | espireroiz, espirereiz, espirerez | espireront | |
| conditional | espireroie, espirereie | espireroies, espirereies | espireroit, espirereit | espireriiens, espireriens | espireriiez, espireriez | espireroient, espirereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | espir | espirs | espirt | espirons | espirez | espirent |
| imperfect | espirasse | espirasses | espirast | espirissons, espirissiens | espirissoiz, espirissez, espirissiez | espirassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | espire | — | espirons | espirez | — | ||
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (espirer)
- espirer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
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