cứng

See also: cung, cùng, cúng, and cũng

Vietnamese

Etymology

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 勁 (“powerful, strong”; SV: kình), or, alternatively, from Proto-Vietic *kəŋʔ. Compare Khmer កឹង (kəng) and Pacoh câng. Also a semantic loan from English hard in hard copy.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˦˧˥]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [kɨŋ˦˥]

Adjective

cứng

hard
Synonym: rắn

cứng cáp
full-fledged; mature; grown-up

cứng nhắc
rigid; inflexible

ổ đĩa cứng
a hard drive
(of a copy of a document) hard

Antonyms

mềm

Derived terms

Derived terms

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