cymryd
Welsh
Etymology
Stem cymer- from Proto-Brythonic *kummėrɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kombereti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom + *bʰéreti; verbal noun cymryd from Proto-Brythonic *kumrɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kombritus.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəmrɨ̞d/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəmrɪd/
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cymeraf | cymeri | cymer | cymerwn | cymerwch | cymerant | cymerir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cymerwn | cymerit | cymerai | cymerem | cymerech | cymerent | cymerid | |
| preterite | cymerais | cymeraist | cymerodd | cymerasom | cymerasoch | cymerasant | cymerwyd | |
| pluperfect | cymeraswn | cymerasit | cymerasai | cymerasem | cymerasech | cymerasent | cymerasid, cymeresid | |
| present subjunctive | cymerwyf | cymerych | cymero | cymerom | cymeroch | cymeront | cymerer | |
| imperative | — | cymer, cymera | cymered | cymerwn | cymerwch | cymerent | cymerer | |
| verbal noun | cymryd | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cymeredig cymeradwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cymera i, cymeraf i | cymeri di | cymerith o/e/hi, cymeriff e/hi | cymerwn ni | cymerwch chi | cymeran nhw |
| conditional | cymerwn i, cymerswn i | cymeret ti, cymerset ti | cymerai fo/fe/hi, cymersai fo/fe/hi | cymeren ni, cymersen ni | cymerech chi, cymersech chi | cymeren nhw, cymersen nhw |
| preterite | cymerais i, cymeres i | cymeraist ti, cymerest ti | cymerodd o/e/hi | cymeron ni | cymeroch chi | cymeron nhw |
| imperative | — | cymera | — | — | cymerwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
- Obsolete third-person singular preterite: cymerth
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cymryd | gymryd | nghymryd | chymryd |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “cymeraf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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