cruciatus

Perfect passive participle of cruciō.

cruciātus (feminine cruciāta, neuter cruciātum); first/second-declension participle

1. crucified
2. tortured

First/second-declension adjective.

cruciātus (feminine cruciāta, neuter cruciātum); first/second-declension adjective

1. marked by a cross [from 12th century]

First/second-declension adjective.

cruciātus m (genitive cruciātūs); fourth declension

1. torture (or the instruments of torture)
2. torment, suffering
3. ruin, calamity, misfortune
4. a crusader [from 13th century]

Fourth-declension noun.

The adjective cruciātus had been used in the sense of "marked with a cross" from the 12th century; as a noun, cruciātus (often spelled with x in Middle Latin, cruxatus, croxatus, etc., also crucesignatus) was used of crusaders by the mid 13th century, from their practice of attaching a cloth cross symbol to their clothing.

• English: cruciate

• cruciatus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• cruciatus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cruciatus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• cruciatus in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch vol. 2 (1999), s.v. "cruciatus"
• Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, éd. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 629a, s.v. "Cruciatæ"