croître
See also: croitre
French
Alternative forms
- croitre (1990 French spelling reforms)
Etymology
From Middle French croistre, from Old French croistre, creistre, from Latin crēscere, present active infinitive of crēscō, from Proto-Italic *krēskō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (“to grow, become bigger”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁwatʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb takes an especially irregular conjugation, taking circumflexes in many forms, so as to distinguish from the forms of the verb croire.
Conjugation of croître (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | croissant /kʁwa.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | crû /kʁy/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | croître | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | croissant /kʁwa.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | croîs /kʁwa/ |
croîs /kʁwa/ |
croît /kʁwa/ |
croissons /kʁwa.sɔ̃/ |
croissez /kʁwa.se/ |
croissent /kʁwas/ |
| imperfect | croissais /kʁwa.sɛ/ |
croissais /kʁwa.sɛ/ |
croissait /kʁwa.sɛ/ |
croissions /kʁwa.sjɔ̃/ |
croissiez /kʁwa.sje/ |
croissaient /kʁwa.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | crûs /kʁy/ |
crûs /kʁy/ |
crût /kʁy/ |
crûmes /kʁym/ |
crûtes /kʁyt/ |
crûrent /kʁyʁ/ | |
| future | croîtrai /kʁwa.tʁe/ |
croîtras /kʁwa.tʁa/ |
croîtra /kʁwa.tʁa/ |
croîtrons /kʁwa.tʁɔ̃/ |
croîtrez /kʁwa.tʁe/ |
croîtront /kʁwa.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | croîtrais /kʁwa.tʁɛ/ |
croîtrais /kʁwa.tʁɛ/ |
croîtrait /kʁwa.tʁɛ/ |
croîtrions /kʁwa.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
croîtriez /kʁwa.tʁi.je/ |
croîtraient /kʁwa.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | croisse /kʁwas/ |
croisses /kʁwas/ |
croisse /kʁwas/ |
croissions /kʁwa.sjɔ̃/ |
croissiez /kʁwa.sje/ |
croissent /kʁwas/ |
| imperfect2 | crûsse /kʁys/ |
crûsses /kʁys/ |
crût /kʁy/ |
crûssions /kʁy.sjɔ̃/ |
crûssiez /kʁy.sje/ |
crûssent /kʁys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | croîs /kʁwa/ |
— | croissons /kʁwa.sɔ̃/ |
croissez /kʁwa.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Antonyms
Related terms
Further reading
- “croître” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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