cranioscopy

cranio- +‎ -scopy

cranioscopy (countable and uncountable, plural cranioscopies)

1. (rare) The study of the shape, size, and other features of the human skull.
   • 1864, C. G. Carus, "Some Remarks on the Construction of the Upper Jaw of the Skull of a Greenlander," Journal of the Anthropological Society of London, vol. 2, p. cxiv,

     In the first part of my Atlas on Cranioscopy, which appeared in Leipzig in 1843, I remarked that in the skull of a Greenlander, which I sketched, it was singular, that on this skull there was a decided separation between the upper jaw-bone and the intermaxillary bone, almost as in little children or in quadrupeds.

2. (dated) Phrenology.
   • 1978, William J. Broad, "Lost in Thought," Science News, vol. 114, no. 22, p. 361,

     A theory that was totally wrong helped focus attention on the right questions. Some people called it phrenology. Its founder, Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) called it cranioscopy. . . . It held that the brain had specific areas of function and that mental and moral attributes of a person could be determined by examination of the cranium.

• cranioscopist

• cranioscopy in An American Dictionary of the English Language, by Noah Webster, 1828.
• Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., 1989.
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.