counterfactual

counter- +‎ factual

• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˌkaʊntɚˈfæktʃuəl/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˌkaʊn.tə(ɹ)ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/

• CA synth

  (file)

counterfactual

1. Contrary to the facts; untrue.
   • 2014 September 15, Martin Gayford, “There's more to Ming than a vase [print version: 16 August 2014, pp. R6–R7]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review)‎:

     What would have happened if those great Chinese voyages [by Zheng He] had continued? It's one of those questions in counter-factual history about which it is impossible to be sure.

2. Of or in comparison to a hypothetical state of the world.

counterfactual (plural counterfactuals)

1. A claim, hypothesis, or other belief that is contrary to the facts.
2. A hypothetical state of the world, used to assess the impact of an action.
   • 2015, Lee Drutman, "Here's the real reason we don't have gun reform", Vox

     The implicit counterfactual — that these members would support gun control if not for the $1,000 they received from the NRA — seems unlikely to me.

3. (philosophy) A conditional statement in which the conditional clause is false, as "If I had arrived on time . . .".[1][2]
   • 1952, B. J. Diggs, "VI.—Counterfactual Conditionals," Mind, vol. 61, no. 244, page 513:

     In recent years there has been increasing discussion of the "problem of counterfactuals". One way of formulating this problem is as follows: "What is meant when one asserts a conditional statement, the antecedent of which is contrary to fact?"

• alternative fact