coudre
French
Etymology
From Old French cosdre, coudre, from Vulgar Latin *cōsere, from Latin cōnsuere, present active infinitive of cōnsuō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kudʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like rendre, except that its stem is coud- in only part of the conjugation. Before endings that begin with vowels, the stem cous- (with a /-z-/ sound) is used instead; for example, nous cousons, not *nous coudons.
Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | cousant /ku.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | cousu /ku.zy/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | coudre | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | cousant /ku.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | couds /ku/ |
couds /ku/ |
coud /ku/ |
cousons /ku.zɔ̃/ |
cousez /ku.ze/ |
cousent /kuz/ |
| imperfect | cousais /ku.zɛ/ |
cousais /ku.zɛ/ |
cousait /ku.zɛ/ |
cousions /ku.zjɔ̃/ |
cousiez /ku.zje/ |
cousaient /ku.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cousis /ku.zi/ |
cousis /ku.zi/ |
cousit /ku.zi/ |
cousîmes /ku.zim/ |
cousîtes /ku.zit/ |
cousirent /ku.ziʁ/ | |
| future | coudrai /ku.dʁe/ |
coudras /ku.dʁa/ |
coudra /ku.dʁa/ |
coudrons /ku.dʁɔ̃/ |
coudrez /ku.dʁe/ |
coudront /ku.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | coudrais /ku.dʁɛ/ |
coudrais /ku.dʁɛ/ |
coudrait /ku.dʁɛ/ |
coudrions /ku.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
coudriez /ku.dʁi.je/ |
coudraient /ku.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | couse /kuz/ |
couses /kuz/ |
couse /kuz/ |
cousions /ku.zjɔ̃/ |
cousiez /ku.zje/ |
cousent /kuz/ |
| imperfect2 | cousisse /ku.zis/ |
cousisses /ku.zis/ |
cousît /ku.zi/ |
cousissions /ku.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
cousissiez /ku.zi.sje/ |
cousissent /ku.zis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | couds /ku/ |
— | cousons /ku.zɔ̃/ |
cousez /ku.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “coudre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a distinct stressed present stem, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of coudre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | coudre | avoir cousu | |||||
| gerund | en cousant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | cousant | ||||||
| past participle | cousu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | keus | keus | keust | cousons | cousez | keusent |
| imperfect | cousoie, couseie | cousoies, couseies | cousoit, couseit | cousiiens, cousiens | cousiiez, cousiez | cousoient, couseient | |
| preterite | cousi | cousis | cousié | cousimes | cousistes | cousierent | |
| future | cousdrai | cousdras | cousdra | cousdrons | cousdroiz, cousdreiz, cousdrez | cousdront | |
| conditional | cousdroie, cousdreie | cousdroies, cousdreies | cousdroit, cousdreit | cousdriiens, cousdriens | cousdriiez, cousdriez | cousdroient, cousdreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | keuse | keuses | keuse | cousons | cousez | keusent |
| imperfect | cousisse | cousisses | cousist | cousissons, cousissiens | cousissoiz, cousissez, cousissiez | cousissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | keus | — | cousons | cousez | — | ||
References
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 151
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