controuver
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/
Verb
controuver
- (rare, literary) To contrive
- 1630 June 2, C. de Nielles, letter to J. Wtenbogaert.
- Lesquels ils ne scavent honnir qu'avec l'ordure de leurs mensonges, qu'ils amassent par tout ou ils peuvent, ou les controuvent du venin de leur coeur, dequoy ils sont farcis.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1630 June 2, C. de Nielles, letter to J. Wtenbogaert.
Conjugation
Conjugation of controuver (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | controuver | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | controuvant /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | controuvé /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | controuve /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuves /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuve /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuvons /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɔ̃/ |
controuvez /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ |
controuvent /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
| imperfect | controuvais /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ |
controuvais /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ |
controuvait /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ |
controuvions /kɔ̃.tʁu.vjɔ̃/ |
controuviez /kɔ̃.tʁu.vje/ |
controuvaient /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | controuvai /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ |
controuvas /kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ |
controuva /kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ |
controuvâmes /kɔ̃.tʁu.vam/ |
controuvâtes /kɔ̃.tʁu.vat/ |
controuvèrent /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɛʁ/ | |
| future | controuverai /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁe/ |
controuveras /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁa/ |
controuvera /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁa/ |
controuverons /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɔ̃/ |
controuverez /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁe/ |
controuveront /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | controuverais /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ |
controuverais /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ |
controuverait /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ |
controuverions /kɔ̃.tʁu.və.ʁjɔ̃/ |
controuveriez /kɔ̃.tʁu.və.ʁje/ |
controuveraient /kɔ̃.tʁu.vʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | controuve /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuves /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuve /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
controuvions /kɔ̃.tʁu.vjɔ̃/ |
controuviez /kɔ̃.tʁu.vje/ |
controuvent /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
| imperfect2 | controuvasse /kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/ |
controuvasses /kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/ |
controuvât /kɔ̃.tʁu.va/ |
controuvassions /kɔ̃.tʁu.va.sjɔ̃/ |
controuvassiez /kɔ̃.tʁu.va.sje/ |
controuvassent /kɔ̃.tʁu.vas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | controuve /kɔ̃.tʁuv/ |
— | controuvons /kɔ̃.tʁu.vɔ̃/ |
controuvez /kɔ̃.tʁu.ve/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Gerund is only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “controuver” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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