cloch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloch (compare Welsh clog).

Pronunciation

Noun

cloch f (genitive singular cloiche, nominative plural clocha)

  1. stone
    1. stone (substance; small piece of stone)
    2. stone (central part of some fruits, consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer)
    3. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
    4. hard lump
    5. (anatomy) testicle
      Synonyms: caid, magairle, úirí
    6. stone (unit of mass)
      Synonym: cloch mheáchain
  2. rocky shore
  3. rocky island
  4. (stone) castle

Declension
Declension of cloch

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative cloch clocha
Vocative a chloch a chlocha
Genitive cloiche cloch
Dative cloch
cloich (archaic, dialectal)		 clocha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an chloch na clocha
Genitive na cloiche na gcloch
Dative leis an gcloch
leis an gcloich (archaic, dialectal)

don chloch
don chloich (archaic, dialectal)

 leis na clocha

Derived terms
  • binse cloiche m (“ledge, shelf, of rock”)
  • clocha briste f pl (“broken stone, (road-)metal”)
  • clocha cóirithe f pl (“dressed stone, ashlars”)
  • cloch a dhéanamh de rud (“to petrify something”)
  • cloch adhmainte f (“lodestone”)
  • clocha fuail f pl (“gravel”)
  • cloch altóra f (“altar-stone”)
  • cloch ancaire f, cloch róid f, cloch théide f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch aoil f (“limestone”)
  • clocha saoirseachta f pl (“building-stones”)
  • cloch bhoinn f (“foundation stone”)
  • cloch bhró f, cloch mhuilinn f (“millstone”)
  • cloch bhua f, cloch lómhar f, cloch luachmhar f, cloch uasal f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch chairéil f (“quarry-stone”)
  • cloch cheangail f, cloch ghreama f (“bond-stone”)
  • cloch chinn f (“headstone”)
  • cloch choirnéil f, cloch chúinne f (“corner-stone”)
  • cloch chora f (“stepping-stone”)
  • cloch chormaic f (“(type of) granite”)
  • cloch chumaisc f (“pudding-stone”)
  • cloch dhín f, cloch mhullaigh f, cloch phréacháin f, cloch spideoige f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch dhomlais f (“gall-stone”)
  • cloch dhuáin f (“kidney-stone”)
  • cloch dhuirlinge f (“rounded shore-pebble, cobble-stone”)
  • cloch eibhir f (“granite”)
  • cloch fhaobhair f, cloch líofa f (“whetstone, hone”)
  • cloch fhorbháis f (“perched stone”)
  • cloch ghabhála f (“fulcrum (stone)”)
  • cloch ghainimh f (“sandstone”)
  • cloch ghallúnaí f, cloch shópa f (“soap-stone”)
  • cloch ghlas f (“greenstone; whinstone”)
  • cloch ghorm f (“blue-stone”)
  • cloch ghréine f, cloch scáil f (“quartz”)
  • cloch ghualainne f, cloch nirt f (“heavy casting-stone”)
  • cloch mhíle f (“milestone”)
  • cloch phaidrín f (“bead of rosary”)
  • cloch phluma f (“plum-stone”)
  • cloch reatha f (“rolling stone”)
  • cloch sceimhil f, cloch shileáin f (“drip-stone”)
  • cloch shalainn f (“rock salt”)
  • cloch shilín f (“cherry-stone”)
  • cloch shneachta f (“hailstone”)
  • cloch speile f (“scythe-stone”)
  • cloch tharraingthe f (“light casting-stone”)
  • cloch theampaill f (“churchyard stone; taciturn person”)
  • cloch theorann f (“boundary stone”)
  • cloch thine f (“flint”)
  • obair chloiche f (“stone-work”)
  • órchloch f (“philosopher’s stone”, literally “goldstone”)

Verb

cloch (present analytic clochann, future analytic clochfaidh, verbal noun clochadh, past participle clochta)

  1. (transitive) stone

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present clochaim clochann tú;
clochair†		 clochann sé, sí clochaimid clochann sibh clochann siad;
clochaid†		 a chlochann; a chlochas /
a gclochann*; a gclochas*		 clochtar
past chloch mé; chlochas chloch tú; chlochais chloch sé, sí chlochamar; chloch muid chloch sibh; chlochabhair chloch siad; chlochadar a chloch /
ar chloch*		 clochadh
past habitual chlochainn chlochtá chlochadh sé, sí chlochaimis; chlochadh muid chlochadh sibh chlochaidís; chlochadh siad a chlochadh /
ar chlochadh*		 chlochtaí
future clochfaidh mé;
clochfad		 clochfaidh tú;
clochfair†		 clochfaidh sé, sí clochfaimid;
clochfaidh muid		 clochfaidh sibh clochfaidh siad;
clochfaid†		 a chlochfaidh; a chlochfas /
a gclochfaidh*; a gclochfas*		 clochfar
conditional chlochfainn / gclochfainn‡‡ chlochfá / gclochfᇇ chlochfadh sé, sí / gclochfadh sé, s퇇 chlochfaimis; chlochfadh muid / gclochfaimis‡‡; gclochfadh muid‡‡ chlochfadh sibh / gclochfadh sibh‡‡ chlochfaidís; chlochfadh siad / gclochfaidís‡‡; gclochfadh siad‡‡ a chlochfadh /
ar chlochfadh*		 chlochfaí / gclochfa퇇
subjunctive present go gclocha mé;
go gclochad†		 go gclocha tú;
go gclochair†		 go gclocha sé, sí go gclochaimid;
go gclocha muid		 go gclocha sibh go gclocha siad;
go gclochaid†		 — go gclochtar
past dá gclochainn dá gclochtá dá gclochadh sé, sí dá gclochaimis;
dá gclochadh muid		 dá gclochadh sibh dá gclochaidís;
dá gclochadh siad		 — dá gclochtaí
imperative clochaim cloch clochadh sé, sí clochaimis clochaigí;
clochaidh†		 clochaidís — clochtar
verbal noun clochadh
past participle clochta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cloch chloch gcloch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • "cloch" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “cloch” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Entries containing “cloch” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “cloch” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /klox/

Noun

cloch f

  1. stone, rock
  2. stone (as material)
  3. precious stone, gem
  4. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
  5. something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold

Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms
  • clochach (“stony, rocky”, adjective)
  • clochaid (“stones; covers with stones”, verb)
  • clochamail (“stony, unyielding”, adjective)
  • clochán m (“paved road or causeway”)
  • clochar m (“stony place”)
  • clochda (“made of stone, stony”, adjective)

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cloch chloch cloch
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • “cloch” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈklot͡ʃ/

Noun

cloch m (plural cloches)

  1. Alternative form of cloche

Welsh

Etymology

From Old Welsh [Term?], borrowed from Late Latin clocca (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kloːχ/

Noun

cloch f (plural clych or clychau)

  1. bell
    1. (figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims
    2. (figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble
    3. (figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation
  2. prize, feat
  3. o'clock, of the clock

Derived terms
  • cloch aberth (“sacring-bell”)
  • cloch adarwr (“low-bell, bell used in fowling at night”)
  • cloch Afi (“Avel-bell”)
  • cloch (a)larwm (“alarm-bell, warning bell”)
  • cloch alw (“alarm-bell, call-bell; Sanctus bell”)
  • cloch angladd (“death-bell, passing-bell”)
  • cloch (ar) ddwfr (“bubble”)
  • clochau babis (“hare-bells; daffodils”)
  • cloch dân (“fire-alarm”)
  • cloch drydan (“electric bell”)
  • cloch dyn marw (“passing-bell, death-bell”)
  • cloch enaid (“passing-bell”, literally “soul bell”)
  • cloch fach, cloch bach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
  • cloch fach yn y glust (“a ringing or tingling in the ear, believed in some parts to be a premonition of death in one's family”, literally “a little bell in the ear”)
  • cloch ginio (“dinner-bell”)
  • cloch gnùl (“passing-bell, knell”)
  • cloch hwyrol (“curfew bell”)
  • cloch iâ (“icicle”)
  • cloch las (“campanula; blue-bell, hare-bell”)
  • cloch law (“hand-bell”)
  • cloch maban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch offeren (“sacring-bell”)
  • cloch osber (“vesper bell”)
  • cloch rybudd (“alarm bell”)
  • cloch soddi, cloch suddo (“diving-bell”)
  • cloch wasanaeth (“church-bell summoning to divine service”)
  • cloch (y) baban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch (y) drws (“door-bell”)
  • cloch y ffair (“bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market”)
  • cloch y llan (“church-bell”)
  • cloch yr eglwys (“church-bell”)
  • cloch (yr) eos (“hare-bells, wild hyacinth”)
  • cloch yr ymadrodd (“the uvula, epiglottis”)
  • clychau Bangor (“hare-bells”, literally “Bangor bells”)
  • clychau Llundain (“Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort”, literally “London bells”)
  • clychau'r bugail (“hare-bells”, literally “shepherd's bells”)
  • clychau'r gog (“blue-bells”)
  • clychau'r tylwyth teg (“hare-bells, blue-bells”)
  • clych Enid (“lily of the valley, May-lily”)
  • clych glaw (“rain drops, bubbles of rain”)
  • clych tawch (“fog-bells”)
  • clych y cerrig (“cup-lichen, cup-moss”)
  • clych y march (“yellow rattle”)
  • clych y perthi (“Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
cloch gloch nghloch chloch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “cloch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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