chicaner
English
Noun
chicaner (plural chicaners)
- One who uses chicanery.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Locke to this entry?)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for chicaner in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
French
Etymology
From Middle French chicaner, from Middle Low German schicken, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skikkijaną, the selfsame origin of modern French chic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃi.ka.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
chicaner
Conjugation
Conjugation of chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | chicanant /ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | chicaner | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | chicanant /ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanes /ʃi.kan/ |
chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanais /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanait /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ |
chicanaient /ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | chicanai /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
chicanas /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicana /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicanâmes /ʃi.ka.nam/ |
chicanâtes /ʃi.ka.nat/ |
chicanèrent /ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | chicanerai /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
chicaneras /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
chicanera /ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
chicanerons /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ |
chicanerez /ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
chicaneront /ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerais /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerait /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
chicanerions /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
chicaneriez /ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ |
chicaneraient /ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanes /ʃi.kan/ |
chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
chicanions /ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
chicaniez /ʃi.ka.nje/ |
chicanent /ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | chicanasse /ʃi.ka.nas/ |
chicanasses /ʃi.ka.nas/ |
chicanât /ʃi.ka.na/ |
chicanassions /ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ |
chicanassiez /ʃi.ka.na.sje/ |
chicanassent /ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane /ʃi.kan/ |
— | chicanons /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
chicanez /ʃi.ka.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se chicaner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | se chicanant /sə ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | chicané /ʃi.ka.ne/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | se chicaner | ||||||
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | se chicanant /sə ʃi.ka.nɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | s'étant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ |
te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ |
se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ |
nous chicanons /nu ʃi.ka.nɔ̃/ |
vous chicanez /vu ʃi.ka.ne/ |
se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect | me chicanais /mə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
te chicanais /tə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
se chicanait /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ |
nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ |
se chicanaient /sə ʃi.ka.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me chicanai /mə ʃi.ka.ne/ |
te chicanas /tə ʃi.ka.na/ |
se chicana /sə ʃi.ka.na/ |
nous chicanâmes /nu ʃi.ka.nam/ |
vous chicanâtes /vu ʃi.ka.nat/ |
se chicanèrent /sə ʃi.ka.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | me chicanerai /mə ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
te chicaneras /tə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
se chicanera /sə ʃi.kan.ʁa/ |
nous chicanerons /nu ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous chicanerez /vu ʃi.kan.ʁe/ |
se chicaneront /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me chicanerais /mə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
te chicanerais /tə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
se chicanerait /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ |
nous chicanerions /nu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous chicaneriez /vu ʃi.ka.nə.ʁje/ |
se chicaneraient /sə ʃi.kan.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me chicane /mə ʃi.kan/ |
te chicanes /tə ʃi.kan/ |
se chicane /sə ʃi.kan/ |
nous chicanions /nu ʃi.ka.njɔ̃/ |
vous chicaniez /vu ʃi.ka.nje/ |
se chicanent /sə ʃi.kan/ |
| imperfect2 | me chicanasse /mə ʃi.ka.nas/ |
te chicanasses /tə ʃi.ka.nas/ |
se chicanât /sə ʃi.ka.na/ |
nous chicanassions /nu ʃi.ka.na.sjɔ̃/ |
vous chicanassiez /vu ʃi.ka.na.sje/ |
se chicanassent /sə ʃi.ka.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | chicane-toi /ʃi.kan.twa/ |
— | chicanons-nous /ʃi.ka.nɔ̃.nu/ |
chicanez-vous /ʃi.ka.ne.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “chicaner” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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