cesser
English
Noun
cesser (plural cessers)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for cesser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se.se/, /sɛ.se/
audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of cesser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | cessant /se.sɑ̃/ or /sɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | cessé /se.se/ or /sɛ.se/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | cesser | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | cessant /se.sɑ̃/ or /sɛ.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cesse /sɛs/ |
cesses /sɛs/ |
cesse /sɛs/ |
cessons /se.sɔ̃/ or /sɛ.sɔ̃/ |
cessez /se.se/ or /sɛ.se/ |
cessent /sɛs/ |
| imperfect | cessais /se.sɛ/ or /sɛ.sɛ/ |
cessais /se.sɛ/ or /sɛ.sɛ/ |
cessait /se.sɛ/ or /sɛ.sɛ/ |
cessions /se.sjɔ̃/ or /sɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
cessiez /se.sje/ or /sɛ.sje/ |
cessaient /se.sɛ/ or /sɛ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cessai /se.se/ or /sɛ.se/ |
cessas /se.sa/ or /sɛ.sa/ |
cessa /se.sa/ or /sɛ.sa/ |
cessâmes /se.sam/ or /sɛ.sam/ |
cessâtes /se.sat/ or /sɛ.sat/ |
cessèrent /se.sɛʁ/ or /sɛ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | cesserai /sɛ.sʁe/ |
cesseras /sɛ.sʁa/ |
cessera /sɛ.sʁa/ |
cesserons /sɛ.sʁɔ̃/ |
cesserez /sɛ.sʁe/ |
cesseront /sɛ.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cesserais /sɛ.sʁɛ/ |
cesserais /sɛ.sʁɛ/ |
cesserait /sɛ.sʁɛ/ |
cesserions /sɛ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cesseriez /sɛ.sə.ʁje/ |
cesseraient /sɛ.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cesse /sɛs/ |
cesses /sɛs/ |
cesse /sɛs/ |
cessions /se.sjɔ̃/ or /sɛ.sjɔ̃/ |
cessiez /se.sje/ or /sɛ.sje/ |
cessent /sɛs/ |
| imperfect2 | cessasse /se.sas/ or /sɛ.sas/ |
cessasses /se.sas/ or /sɛ.sas/ |
cessât /se.sa/ or /sɛ.sa/ |
cessassions /se.sa.sjɔ̃/ or /sɛ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
cessassiez /se.sa.sje/ or /sɛ.sa.sje/ |
cessassent /se.sas/ or /sɛ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cesse /sɛs/ |
— | cessons /se.sɔ̃/ or /sɛ.sɔ̃/ |
cessez /se.se/ or /sɛ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “cesser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Middle French
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of cesser
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cesser | avoir cessé | |||||
| gerund | en cessant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | cessant | ||||||
| past participle | cessé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (may be i' before a vowel) | tu | il | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | cesse | cesses | cesse | cessons | cessez | cessent |
| imperfect | cessois, cessoys | cessois, cessoys | cessoit, cessoyt | cessions, cessyons | cessiez, cessyez | cessoient, cessoyent | |
| past historic | cessa | cessas | cessa | cessasmes | cessastes | cesserent | |
| future | cesserai, cesseray | cesseras | cessera | cesserons | cesserez | cesseront | |
| conditional | cesserois, cesseroys | cesserois, cesseroys | cesseroit, cesseroyt | cesserions, cesseryons | cesseriez, cesseryez | cesseroient, cesseroyent | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie | que tu | qu'il | que nous | que vous | qu'ilz, qu'elles | |
| simple tenses |
present | cesse | cesses | cesse | cessons | cessez | cessent |
| imperfect | cessasse | cessasses | cessast | cessassions | cessassiez | cessassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | cesse | — | cessons | cessez | — | ||
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (cesser, supplement)
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-sss, *-sst are modified to s, s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of cesser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | cesser | avoir cessé | |||||
| gerund | en cessant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | cessant | ||||||
| past participle | cessé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ces | cesses | cesse | cessons | cessez | cessent |
| imperfect | cessoie, cesseie, cessoe, cesseve | cessoies, cesseies, cessoes, cesseves | cessoit, cesseit, cessot, cesseve | cessiiens, cessiens | cessiiez, cessiez | cessoient, cesseient, cessoent, cessevent | |
| preterite | cessai | cessas | cessa | cessames | cessastes | cesserent | |
| future | cesserai | cesseras | cessera | cesserons | cesseroiz, cessereiz, cesserez | cesseront | |
| conditional | cesseroie, cessereie | cesseroies, cessereies | cesseroit, cessereit | cesseriiens, cesseriens | cesseriiez, cesseriez | cesseroient, cessereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ces | ces | cest | cessons | cessez | cessent |
| imperfect | cessasse | cessasses | cessast | cessissons, cessissiens | cessissoiz, cessissez, cessissiez | cessassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | cesse | — | cessons | cessez | — | ||
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (cesser, supplement)
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