bšṯ

See also: BST

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to rebel or be rebellious (+ ḥr: against) [since the Old Kingdom]
  2. (intransitive) (of water) to be agitated [Middle Kingdom]

Usage notes

Since the end of the New Kingdom this word becomes conflated with bdš (“to be dull”), having undergone metathesis.

Inflection
Conjugation of bšṯ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bšṯ, geminated stem: bšṯṯ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bšṯ
 bšṯw, bšṯ
 bšṯt
 bšṯ
 bšṯ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bšṯ
 ḥr bšṯ
 m bšṯ
 r bšṯ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect bšṯ.n
 consecutive bšṯ.jn
terminative bšṯt
perfective3 bšṯ
 obligative bšṯ.ḫr
imperfective bšṯ
prospective3 bšṯ
 potentialis bšṯ.kꜣ
subjunctive bšṯ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect bšṯ.n
 — —
perfective bšṯ
 bšṯ
 bšṯ, bšṯw5, bšṯy5
imperfective bšṯ, bšṯy, bšṯw5
 bšṯ, bšṯj6, bšṯy6
 bšṯ, bšṯw5
prospective bšṯ, bšṯtj7
 bšṯtj4, bšṯt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bšṯ  
bšt

Derived terms
  • ḫꜣswt bšṯt
  • bšṯw

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 281.
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 479.1–479.5
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