brón

See also: bron, broń, bróń, and bròn

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːnˠ/
  • (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brón.

Noun

brón m (genitive singular bróin)

  1. sorrow
    Tá brón orm ― I'm sorry
    (lit. "Sorrow is on me")
Declension
Declension of brón

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative brón
Vocative a bhróin
Genitive bróin
Dative brón

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an brón
Genitive an bhróin
Dative leis an mbrón

don bhrón

Derived terms
  • brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)

Verb

brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)

  1. (transitive) grieve
    (Proverb:)
    An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí.
    What the eye sees not the heart rues not.
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present brónaim brónann tú;
brónair†		 brónann sé, sí brónaimid brónann sibh brónann siad;
brónaid†		 a bhrónann; a bhrónas /
a mbrónann*; a mbrónas*		 bróntar
past bhrón mé; bhrónas bhrón tú; bhrónais bhrón sé, sí bhrónamar; bhrón muid bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair bhrón siad; bhrónadar a bhrón /
ar bhrón*		 brónadh
past habitual bhrónainn bhróntá bhrónadh sé, sí bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid bhrónadh sibh bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad a bhrónadh /
ar bhrónadh*		 bhróntaí
future brónfaidh mé;
brónfad		 brónfaidh tú;
brónfair†		 brónfaidh sé, sí brónfaimid;
brónfaidh muid		 brónfaidh sibh brónfaidh siad;
brónfaid†		 a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas /
a mbrónfaidh*; a mbrónfas*		 brónfar
conditional bhrónfainn / mbrónfainn‡‡ bhrónfá / mbrónfᇇ bhrónfadh sé, sí / mbrónfadh sé, s퇇 bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid / mbrónfaimis‡‡; mbrónfadh muid‡‡ bhrónfadh sibh / mbrónfadh sibh‡‡ bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad / mbrónfaidís‡‡; mbrónfadh siad‡‡ a bhrónfadh /
ar bhrónfadh*		 bhrónfaí / mbrónfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbróna mé;
go mbrónad†		 go mbróna tú;
go mbrónair†		 go mbróna sé, sí go mbrónaimid;
go mbróna muid		 go mbróna sibh go mbróna siad;
go mbrónaid†		 — go mbróntar
past dá mbrónainn dá mbróntá dá mbrónadh sé, sí dá mbrónaimis;
dá mbrónadh muid		 dá mbrónadh sibh dá mbrónaidís;
dá mbrónadh siad		 — dá mbróntaí
imperative brónaim brón brónadh sé, sí brónaimis brónaigí;
brónaidh†		 brónaidís — bróntar
verbal noun brónadh
past participle brónta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

Noun

brón f sg

  1. (nonstandard) genitive singular of bró (“quern; millstone; dense mass; stout heavily-built person”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
brón bhrón mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • "brón" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “brón” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Entries containing “brón” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “brón” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /broːn/

Noun

brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)

  1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5d25
      "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16b8
      "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati
    • c. 875, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c6
      "in brón" glosses mestitudinem

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms
  • brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
brón brón
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • “brón” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • Rudolf Thurneysen (1940) A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 62
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