brouiller
French
Etymology
From Gallo-Romance *brodiculare, from *brodicare (compare Lombard brodigar (“soil, pollute”)), originally from Proto-Germanic *bruþą (“stock, broth”). More at broth.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁu.je/
Audio (file)
Verb
brouiller
- to blur
- to mix up, confuse
- to scramble (an egg)
- to set at odds, put (someone) off (something)
- to jam (a transmission), to scramble (a message)
- (reflexive) to become blurred, get mixed up
- (reflexive, ~ avec) to fall out
- (reflexive, meteorology) to cloud over
Conjugation
Conjugation of brouiller (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | brouillant /bʁu.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | brouillé /bʁu.je/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | brouiller | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | brouillant /bʁu.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouilles /bʁuj/ |
brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouillons /bʁu.jɔ̃/ |
brouillez /bʁu.je/ |
brouillent /bʁuj/ |
| imperfect | brouillais /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillais /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillait /bʁu.jɛ/ |
brouillions /bʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
brouilliez /bʁuj.je/ |
brouillaient /bʁu.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brouillai /bʁu.je/ |
brouillas /bʁu.ja/ |
brouilla /bʁu.ja/ |
brouillâmes /bʁu.jam/ |
brouillâtes /bʁu.jat/ |
brouillèrent /bʁu.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | brouillerai /bʁuj.ʁe/ |
brouilleras /bʁuj.ʁa/ |
brouillera /bʁuj.ʁa/ |
brouillerons /bʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ |
brouillerez /bʁuj.ʁe/ |
brouilleront /bʁuj.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | brouillerais /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerais /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerait /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ |
brouillerions /bʁu.jə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
brouilleriez /bʁu.jə.ʁje/ |
brouilleraient /bʁuj.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouilles /bʁuj/ |
brouille /bʁuj/ |
brouillions /bʁuj.jɔ̃/ |
brouilliez /bʁuj.je/ |
brouillent /bʁuj/ |
| imperfect2 | brouillasse /bʁu.jas/ |
brouillasses /bʁu.jas/ |
brouillât /bʁu.ja/ |
brouillassions /bʁu.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
brouillassiez /bʁu.ja.sje/ |
brouillassent /bʁu.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brouille /bʁuj/ |
— | brouillons /bʁu.jɔ̃/ |
brouillez /bʁu.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “brouiller” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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