aicher
French
Conjugation
Conjugation of aicher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | aichant /ɛ.ʃɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | aiché /ɛ.ʃe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | aicher | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | aichant /ɛ.ʃɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect | aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ |
aichais /ɛ.ʃɛ/ |
aichait /ɛ.ʃɛ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ |
aichaient /ɛ.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | aichai /ɛ.ʃe/ |
aichas /ɛ.ʃa/ |
aicha /ɛ.ʃa/ |
aichâmes /ɛ.ʃam/ |
aichâtes /ɛ.ʃat/ |
aichèrent /ɛ.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | aicherai /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheras /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aichera /ɛʃ.ʁa/ |
aicherons /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
aicherez /ɛʃ.ʁe/ |
aicheront /ɛʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherais /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherait /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ |
aicherions /ɛ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
aicheriez /ɛ.ʃə.ʁje/ |
aicheraient /ɛʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aiches /ɛʃ/ |
aiche /ɛʃ/ |
aichions /ɛ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
aichiez /ɛ.ʃje/ |
aichent /ɛʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | aichasse /ɛ.ʃas/ |
aichasses /ɛ.ʃas/ |
aichât /ɛ.ʃa/ |
aichassions /ɛ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
aichassiez /ɛ.ʃa.sje/ |
aichassent /ɛ.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | aiche /ɛʃ/ |
— | aichons /ɛ.ʃɔ̃/ |
aichez /ɛ.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Old Irish
Etymology
Borrowing from Latin ācer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈaxʲer/
Adjective
aicher
- sharp, fierce, (of the wind) bitter
- 9th century, “Is acher in gaíth in-nocht...”
- IS acher ingáith innocht · fufuasna fairggæ findḟolt
ni ágor réimm mora minn · dondláechraid lainn ua lothlind.- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
I fear not the coursing of a clear sea by the fierce heroes from Lothlend.
- Bitter is the wind to-night: it tosses the ocean’s white hair:
- 9th century, “Is acher in gaíth in-nocht...”
Declension
| o/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | aicher | aicher | aicher |
| Vocative | aichir* aicher** | ||
| Accusative | aicher | aichir | |
| Genitive | aichir | aichre | aichir |
| Dative | aichiur | aichir | aichiur |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | aichir | aichrea | |
| Vocative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
| Accusative | aichriu aichrea† | ||
| Genitive | aicher | ||
| Dative | aichrib | ||
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative | ||
Descendants
- Irish: aichear
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| aicher | unchanged | n-aicher |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English eere, from Old English æhher, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz (“ear (of grain)”). Cognate with English ear.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈexər/
References
- “aicher” in Eagly, Andy, ed. (2016), The Online Scots Dictionary. Scots-Online.org.
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