Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ščitъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skeitum, *skoitum, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-to-m, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skiẽtas (“reed”), Latvian šk̨iêts (“reed”), Old Prussian staytan (“shield”).

Indo-European cognates include Latin scūtum (“shield”) from *skoytom; and Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Breton skoed (Old Breton skoit), all from Proto-Celtic *skētos, from *skeytos.

Comparison with Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”) is doubtful.

Noun

*ščĩtъ m

The original meaning was "something cut off, separated" > "board"

shield

Inflection

Declension of *ščĩtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ščĩtъ	*ščītà	*ščītì
Accusative	*ščĩtъ	*ščītà	*ščītỳ
Genitive	*ščītà	*ščītù	*ščĩtъ
Locative	*ščītě̀	*ščītù	*ščĩtěxъ
Dative	*ščītù	*ščītòma	*ščītòmъ
Instrumental	ščītъ̀mь, ščītòmь^*	*ščītòma	*ščĩty
Vocative	*ščite	*ščītà	*ščītì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: щитъ (ščitŭ)
  - Belarusian: шчыт (ščyt)
  - Russian: щит (ščit)
  - Ukrainian: щит (ščyt)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: щитъ (štitŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: щит (štit)
- Macedonian: штит (štit)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: шти̑т
  
  Latin: štȋt
- Slovene: ščȋt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: štít
- Old Polish: szczyt
  - Polish: szczyt
- Slovak: štít
- Slovincian: ščḯt
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: škit
  - Lower Sorbian: šćit

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 486
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “щит”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “щит”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 436

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