Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olbǫdь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰós (“white”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *albits (“swan”) and *albiz (> elf).

Noun

*olbǭdь m [1][2]

swan

Declension

Derksen 2008 reconstructs this word as a jo-stem, but this must be secondary given the lack of iotation of final *d. Per Derksen, this word is either accent class c or a.

Declension of *ȏlbǭdь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ȏlbǭdь	*ȏlbǭdi	ȏlbǭdьjē, ȏlbǭďē^*
Accusative	*ȏlbǭdь	*ȏlbǭdi	*ȏlbǭdi
Genitive	*olbǭdí	olbǭdьjù, olbǫďu^*	*olbǭdь̀jь
Locative	*olbǭdí	olbǭdьjù, olbǫďu^*	*ȏlbǭdьxъ
Dative	*ȏlbǭdi	*olbǭdьmà	*ȏlbǭdьmъ
Instrumental	*ȏlbǭdьmь	*olbǭdьmà	*olbǭdьmì
Vocative	*olbǫdi	*ȏlbǭdi	ȏlbǭdьjē, ȏlbǭďē^*

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

*olbǭtь
*elbedь
*elbǭtь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ле́бедзь m (ljébjedzʹ)
- Russian: ле́бедь m or f (lébedʹ)
- Rusyn: лебідь (lebidʹ)
- Ukrainian: ле́бідь m (lébidʹ)

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ле́бед m (lébed)
- Macedonian: ле́бед m (lébed)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ла̏бӯд m, ле̏бӯт m (archaic)
  
  Latin: lȁbūd m, lȅbūt m (archaic)
- Slovene: labọ̑d m (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: labuť f
- Kashubian: łabądz
- Old Polish: łabęć m or f
  - Polish: łabędź m, łabęć m (dialectal)
- Slovak: labuť f

Non-Slavic languages:
- Romanian: lebădă

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*olbǭdь; *olbǭtь; *elbedь; *elbǭtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365: “m. jo (c (a)) ‘swan’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “olbǫdь (lebedь, lebędь)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c svane (PR 138)”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*olbǭdь; *olbǭtь; *elbedь; *elbǭtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365: “m. jo (c (a)) ‘swan’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “olbǫdь (lebedь, lebędь)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c svane (PR 138)”