< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Possibly cognate to Ancient Greek ζωρός (zōrós, “pure, sheer (of wine)”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *yoHro-.

Adjective

*jȃrъ [1][2]

  1. furious
Declension
Indefinite declension of *jarъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}ъ *jar{{{2}}}a *jar{{{2}}}o
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}ъ *jar{{{2}}}ǫ *jar{{{2}}}o
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}a *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}a
Locative *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}ě
Dative *jar{{{2}}}u *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}u
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}omь *jar{{{2}}}ojǫ *jar{{{2}}}omь
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}e *jar{{{2}}}o *jar{{{2}}}o
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}a *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}ě
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}a *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}ě
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}u *jar{{{2}}}u *jar{{{2}}}u
Locative *jar{{{2}}}u *jar{{{2}}}u *jar{{{2}}}u
Dative *jar{{{2}}}oma *jar{{{2}}}ama *jar{{{2}}}oma
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}oma *jar{{{2}}}ama *jar{{{2}}}oma
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}a *jar{{{2}}}ě *jar{{{2}}}ě
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}i *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}a
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}a
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}ъ *jar{{{2}}}ъ *jar{{{2}}}ъ
Locative *jar{{{2}}}ěxъ *jar{{{2}}}axъ *jar{{{2}}}ěxъ
Dative *jar{{{2}}}omъ *jar{{{2}}}amъ *jar{{{2}}}omъ
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}ami *jar{{{2}}}y
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}i *jar{{{2}}}y *jar{{{2}}}a
Definite declension of *jarъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}ъjь *jar{{{2}}}aja *jar{{{2}}}oje
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}ъjь *jar{{{2}}}ǫjǫ *jar{{{2}}}oje
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}ajego *jar{{{2}}}yję *jar{{{2}}}ajego
Locative *jar{{{2}}}ějemь *jar{{{2}}}ěji *jar{{{2}}}ějemь
Dative *jar{{{2}}}ujemu *jar{{{2}}}ěji *jar{{{2}}}ujemu
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}yjimi *jar{{{2}}}ǫjǫ *jar{{{2}}}yjimi
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}ъjь *jar{{{2}}}aja *jar{{{2}}}oje
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}aja *jar{{{2}}}ěji *jar{{{2}}}ěji
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}aja *jar{{{2}}}ěji *jar{{{2}}}ěji
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}uju *jar{{{2}}}uju *jar{{{2}}}uju
Locative *jar{{{2}}}uju *jar{{{2}}}uju *jar{{{2}}}uju
Dative *jar{{{2}}}yjima *jar{{{2}}}yjima *jar{{{2}}}yjima
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}yjima *jar{{{2}}}yjima *jar{{{2}}}yjima
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}aja *jar{{{2}}}ěji *jar{{{2}}}ěji
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *jar{{{2}}}iji *jar{{{2}}}yję *jar{{{2}}}aja
Accusative *jar{{{2}}}yję *jar{{{2}}}yję *jar{{{2}}}aja
Genitive *jar{{{2}}}ъjixъ *jar{{{2}}}ъjixъ *jar{{{2}}}ъjixъ
Locative *jar{{{2}}}yjixъ *jar{{{2}}}yjixъ *jar{{{2}}}yjixъ
Dative *jar{{{2}}}yjimъ *jar{{{2}}}yjimъ *jar{{{2}}}yjimъ
Instrumental *jar{{{2}}}yjimi *jar{{{2}}}yjimi *jar{{{2}}}yjimi
Vocative *jar{{{2}}}iji *jar{{{2}}}yję *jar{{{2}}}aja
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: ꙗръ (jarŭ), ѣръ (ěrŭ)
    • Slovene: járən, jȃrən (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: jarobujný
    • Polish: jary
    • Slovak: jarý (“fresh”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: jary (“lewd, unchaste”)
      • Upper Sorbian: jěry (“bitter”)
Derived terms
  • *jarъkъ (“bright”)
  • *jarostь (“fury”)
  • *jariti (“to become furious”)

Etymology 2

Noun

*jarъ m

  1. Alternative form of *jaro (“summer; spring”)
Declension
Declension of *jarъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *jarъ *jara *jari
Accusative *jarъ *jara *jary
Genitive *jara *jaru *jarъ
Locative *jarě *jaru *jarěxъ
Dative *jaru *jaroma *jaromъ
Instrumental *jarъmь, *jaromь* *jaroma *jary
Vocative *jare *jara *jari
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̑rъ II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 152: “adj. o (c)”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “jarъ jara jaro”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ivrig, hidsig (SA 111; PR 138)”
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