Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The only parallels exist in Germanic languages: compare Old English bealo (“evil”), Old Norse bǫl and Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (balweins, “torture”). Proto-Indo-European root is unclear. Derksen derives it from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol(H)-i- with Old Cornish bal (“illness”) as a further cognate.

Noun

*bȍlь f [1][2]

pain

Inflection

Declension of *bȍlь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bȍlь	*bȍli	*bȍli
Accusative	*bȍlь	*bȍli	*bȍli
Genitive	*bolí	bolьjù, boľu^*	*bolь̀jь
Locative	*bolí	bolьjù, boľu^*	*bȍlьxъ
Dative	*bȍli	*bolьmà	*bȍlьmъ
Instrumental	*bolьjǫ́	*bolьmà	*bolьmì
Vocative	*boli	*bȍli	*bȍli

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative reconstructions

*bȍľь (Trubachev (ESSJa))

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: боль (bolĭ)
  - Belarusian: боль m (bolʹ)
  - Russian: боль f (bolʹ)
  - Rusyn: біль (bilʹ)
  - Ukrainian: біль m (bilʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: боль f (bolĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰱⱁⰾⱐ f (bolĭ)
- Bulgarian: бо́лка f (bólka), бол (bol) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: болка f (bolka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: бо̑л f or m
  
  Latin: bȏl f or m
- Slovene: ból m
West Slavic:
- Czech: bol m
- Polish: ból m
- Slovak: bôľ m
- Slovincian: bȯ́u̯l m
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: ból f
  - Upper Sorbian: ból m
→ Romanian: boală

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȏlь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54: “f. i (c) ‘pain’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “bolь boli”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c (SA 81; PR 138)”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȏlь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 54: “f. i (c) ‘pain’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “bolь boli”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f. c (SA 81; PR 138)”