< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-akъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Deverbal derivations are easily secondary, motivated by parallel formations, e.g.

  • North Slavic *jědakъ (“greedy man”) ← *jest < *jed-ti (“to eat”) : *jěda (“food”).

Comparison with cognates in other Indo-European languages indicates antiquity of deadjectival formations:

  • Ancient Greek νέος (néos, “new, young”) → νέᾱξ (néāx), νέᾱκος (néākos, “young man”) : Slavic *novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)
  • Lithuanian naũjas (“new”) → naujõkas (“novice”)

Suffix

*-akъ m

  1. Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a carrier of a property.
    *junъ (“young”) → *junakъ (“a young man”)
    *novъ (“new”) → *novakъ (“novice”)
    *svojь (“one's own”) → *svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)
  2. Denominal, forming nouns denoting something connected in meaning to the baseword.
    *rodъ (“kin”) → *rodjakъ (“relative, cousin”)
    *ryba (“fish”) → *rybakъ (“fishing”)
  3. Denominal, forming masculine counterparts of feminine nouns.
    *gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsakъ (“gander”)
  4. Deverbal, from the root, forming agent nouns.
    *prositi (“to ask; beg”) → *prosjakъ >*prošakъ (“beggar; asker”)

Declension
Declension of *-akъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-akъ *-aka *-aci
Accusative *-akъ *-aka *-aky
Genitive *-aka *-aku *-akъ
Locative *-acě *-aku *-acěxъ
Dative *-aku *-akoma *-akomъ
Instrumental *-akъmь, *-akomь* *-akoma *-aky
Vocative *-ače *-aka *-aci
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms
  • *-jakъ (causing iotation of the preceding consonant)

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-ak%D1%8A' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-akъ'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-akъ</a>

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -акъ (-akŭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic: -акъ (-akŭ)
      Glagolitic: -ⰰⰽⱏ (-akŭ)
    • Bulgarian: -ак (-ak)
    • Macedonian: -ак (-ak)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: -ак
      Latin: -ak
    • Slovene: -ak
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ák, -ak
    • Polish: -ak
    • Slovak: -ák, -ak
    • Slovincian: -ȯk, -åk
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: -ak
      • Lower Sorbian: -ak

Further reading
  • Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974) Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume I, Wrocław: Polska Akademia Nauk, page 89f
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.