< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žerti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtei (“devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“devour”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gerti (“to drink”), Latvian dzer̂t (“to drink”).

Indo-European cognates include Old English acworren, Proto-Germanic *kwerraną (“devour”), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭-‎ (gar-, “swallow up”), Old Armenian կերի (keri, “I ate”), Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “eat up”), βορά (borá, “food”), Latin vorō (“I devour”), Sanskrit गिरति (giráti, “devour”).

Verb

*žerti [1][2]

  1. to devour, glut

Conjugation
Conjugation of *žerti (?, -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žьrtьje *žerti *žertъ *žьrlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žьrtъ *žьromъ
Active *žьrъ *žьry
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žerxъ*žer*žer *žьrǫ*žьreši*žьretь
Dual *žerxově*žersta*žerste *žьrevě*žьreta*žьrete
Plural *žerxomъ*žerste*žeršę *žьremъ*žьrete*žьrǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *žьrěaxъ*žьrěaše*žьrěaše —*žьri*žьri
Dual *žьrěaxově*žьrěašeta*žьrěašete *žьrěvě*žьrěta—
Plural *žьrěaxomъ*žьrěašete*žьrěaxǫ *žьrěmъ*žьrěte—
    Notes:
  • (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Alternative forms
  • *žьrati (later variant, based on present stem)

Derived terms

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: жерети (žereti), жьрати (žĭrati)
      • Belarusian: жерць (žjercʹ), жэ́рці (žérci)
      • Russian: жрать (žratʹ)
      • Ukrainian: же́рти (žérty), жра́ти (žráty), жере́ти (žeréty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: пожрѣти (požrěti)
      Glagolitic: ⱂⱁⰶⱃⱑⱅⰹ (požrěti)
    • Macedonian: ждере (ždere)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ждѐрати, ждрије̑ти, ждре̑ти
      Latin: ždèrati, ždrijȇti, ždrȇti, (regional) nažriti
    • Slovene: žrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: žřieti
    • Polish: żreć
    • Slovak: žrat'
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: žraś, žreś
      • Upper Sorbian: źrać, žrjeć

Further reading
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “жрать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Skok, Petar (1973) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 3, Zagreb: JAZU, page 673
  • Melʹnyčuk O. S., editor (1985), “же́рти”, in Etymolohičnyj slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, page 195

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 559
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015), “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172: “*žèrti”
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