< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čęstъ
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čęstь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Originally participle, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimśto-, from Proto-Indo-European *kmḱ-to-, from *kemḱ-. Equivalent to **čęsti + *-tъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian kim̃štas (“packed, stuffed”) (< kim̃šti, kemšù).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *čęstъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čęstъ | *čęsta | *čęsto |
| Accusative | *čęstъ | *čęstǫ | *čęsto |
| Genitive | *čęsta | *čęsty | *čęsta |
| Locative | *čęstě | *čęstě | *čęstě |
| Dative | *čęstu | *čęstě | *čęstu |
| Instrumental | *čęstomь | *čęstojǫ | *čęstomь |
| Vocative | *čęste | *čęsto | *čęsto |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čęsta | *čęstě | *čęstě |
| Accusative | *čęsta | *čęstě | *čęstě |
| Genitive | *čęstu | *čęstu | *čęstu |
| Locative | *čęstu | *čęstu | *čęstu |
| Dative | *čęstoma | *čęstama | *čęstoma |
| Instrumental | *čęstoma | *čęstama | *čęstoma |
| Vocative | *čęsta | *čęstě | *čęstě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čęsti | *čęsty | *čęsta |
| Accusative | *čęsty | *čęsty | *čęsta |
| Genitive | *čęstъ | *čęstъ | *čęstъ |
| Locative | *čęstěxъ | *čęstaxъ | *čęstěxъ |
| Dative | *čęstomъ | *čęstamъ | *čęstomъ |
| Instrumental | *čęsty | *čęstami | *čęsty |
| Vocative | *čęsti | *čęsty | *čęsta |
Definite declension of *čęstъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *čęstъjь | *čęstaja | *čęstoje |
| Accusative | *čęstъjь | *čęstǫjǫ | *čęstoje |
| Genitive | *čęstajego | *čęstyję | *čęstajego |
| Locative | *čęstějemь | *čęstěji | *čęstějemь |
| Dative | *čęstujemu | *čęstěji | *čęstujemu |
| Instrumental | *čęstyjimi | *čęstǫjǫ | *čęstyjimi |
| Vocative | *čęstъjь | *čęstaja | *čęstoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čęstaja | *čęstěji | *čęstěji |
| Accusative | *čęstaja | *čęstěji | *čęstěji |
| Genitive | *čęstuju | *čęstuju | *čęstuju |
| Locative | *čęstuju | *čęstuju | *čęstuju |
| Dative | *čęstyjima | *čęstyjima | *čęstyjima |
| Instrumental | *čęstyjima | *čęstyjima | *čęstyjima |
| Vocative | *čęstaja | *čęstěji | *čęstěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *čęstiji | *čęstyję | *čęstaja |
| Accusative | *čęstyję | *čęstyję | *čęstaja |
| Genitive | *čęstъjixъ | *čęstъjixъ | *čęstъjixъ |
| Locative | *čęstyjixъ | *čęstyjixъ | *čęstyjixъ |
| Dative | *čęstyjimъ | *čęstyjimъ | *čęstyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *čęstyjimi | *čęstyjimi | *čęstyjimi |
| Vocative | *čęstiji | *čęstyję | *čęstaja |
See also
Derived terms
- *čęstikъ/*čęstika
- *čęstina
- *čęstiti
- *čęstokolъ
- *čęstota
- *čęstovojь
- *čęstyni
- *čęšča
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “частый”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čęstъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 04, Moscow: Nauka, page 106
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “čęstъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 88: “adj. o (c) ‘frequent, dense’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “čęstъ čęsta čęsto”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tæt, hyppig (SA 111, 188; PR 138)”
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