Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tráyas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

**Proto-Indo-Iranian cardinal numbers**
< 2	3	4 >
Cardinal : *tráyas

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þrīz, Latin trēs.

Numeral

*tráyas (stem *tri-)

three

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *tráyas[1]
- Sanskrit: त्रि (trí) (त्रयस् m (tráyas, nom. pl.)), त्रीणि n (trī́ṇi)
  - → Gujarati: ત્રણ (traṇ)
  - → Malay: tri, tri- / تري‎, تري-‎
    - Indonesian: tri
  - Romani: trin (or another Old Indo-Aryan source)
- Middle Indo-Aryan:[2]
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
    - Assamese: তিনি (tini)
    - Bengali: তিন (tin)
    - Oriya: ତିନି (tini)
  - Helu:
    - Dhivehi: ތިން‎‎ (tin‎)
    - Sinhalese: තුන (tuna)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
    - Marathi: तीन (tīn)
    - Konkani: तीन
    - Sinhalese: තුන (tuna)
  - Pali: tayo m, tīṇi n
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀑 m (taö), 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺 n (tiṇṇi)
    - Hindi: तीन (tīn)
    - Nepali: तीन (tīna)
    - Punjabi: ਤਿੰਨ (tinn)
    - Sindhi: ٽي‎ (ti)
    - Urdu: تین‎ (tīn)
Iranian: *θráyah
Nuristani: *tré
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: tre
    
    Kativiri: tre
  - Prasuni: ćši
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: tra
  - Tregami: tre
  - Waigali: tre

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tráyaḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Richard Pischel (1900) Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen [Comparative Grammar Of The Prakrit Languages]‎, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, published 1957, page 315

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[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tráyaḥ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[2] Richard Pischel (1900) Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen [Comparative Grammar Of The Prakrit Languages]‎, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, published 1957, page 315