Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pratʰamás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mós (“absolute superlative suffix”). Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).

Numeral

*pratʰamás

**Proto-Indo-Iranian ordinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : Háywas Ordinal* : *pratʰamás

first

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *pratʰamás
- Sanskrit: प्रथम (prathamá) (see there for further descendants)
- Middle Indo-Aryan: *pratʰila (of uncertain origin)
  - Ashokan Prakrit: [Term?]
    - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀮 (pahila)
      - Bengali: পহেলা (pôhela)
      - Bhojpuri: पहिला (pahilā)
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀮 (pahila)
      - Konkani: पयलें
      - Marathi: पहिले (pahile)
    - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀮 (pahila)
      - Nepali: पहिलो (pahilo)
      - Gurjar Apabhramsa: [Term?]
        Old Gujarati: पहिलउं
        Gujarati: પહેલું (pahelũ)
        
        Marwari: पहलौ (pahlau)
      - Punjabi: ਪਹਿਲਾ (pahilā)
      - Sauraseni Apabhramsa: [Term?]
        Hindi: पहला (pahlā), पहिला (pahilā)
Iranian: *fratamáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀‎ (fratəma)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (prtmw)
- Western Iranian:
  - Southwestern Iranian:
    - Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (fratama)
      - Middle Persian: (/fradom/)
        Manichaean: 𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖‎ (prtwm)
        
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pltwm)
        
        Persian: فردم‎ (fardom)
- → Old Armenian: փարթամ (pʿartʿam)

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