< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krátuš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kré-tus, from *kret- +‎ *-us. Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*krátuš m [1][2]

  1. intelligence, mental power

Declension
masculine u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *krátuš *krátuH *krátawas
vocative *krátaw *krátuH *krátawas
accusative *krátum *krátuH *krátunš
instrumental *krátuH *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰiš
ablative *krátawš *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰyas
dative *krátaway *krátubʰyaH *krátubʰyas
genitive *krátawš *krátuwaHs *krátunām?
locative *krátā(w)? *krátuwaw *krátušu

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *krátuṣ
  • Iranian: *xrátuš
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎‎ (xratu)
    • Old Median: *xratu
      • → Old Persian: 𐎧𐎼𐎬 (x-r-tu /xratu/)
        • Middle Persian: (/xrad/)
          Manichaean: 𐫟𐫡𐫅‎ (xrd)
          Book Pahlavi: 𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵‎ (hlt')
          • Classical Persian: خرد‎ (xirad)
            • Persian: خرد‎ (xerad)
            • Tajik: хирад (xirad)
          • → Old Armenian: խրատ (xrat)
    • Old Persian: [Term?] (/xraθu/)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “krátu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Ahmadi, Amir (2014), “Avestan xratu-”, in Iranian Studies, volume 47, issue 6, DOI:10.1080/00210862.2014.942564, pages 903–913
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