< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/griHwáH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *grī́ˀwāˀ (“neck”).

Noun

*griHwáH f [1]

  1. neck, throat

Declension
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *griHwáH *griHwáy *griHwā́s
vocative *griHway *griHwáy *griHwā́s
accusative *griHwā́m *griHwáy *griHwā́s
instrumental *griHwáyaH́ *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰiš
ablative *griHwáyaHs *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰyas
dative *griHwáyaHy *griHwáHbʰyā(m) *griHwáHbʰyas
genitive *griHwáyaHs *griHwāyās *griHwáHnām
locative *griHwáyaH(m) *griHwāyaw *griHwáHsu

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *griHwáH
    • Sanskrit: ग्रीवा (grīvā́)
      • Pali: gīvā
      • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀻𑀯𑀸 (gīvā)
        • Old Hindi: गिउ (giu), गिव (giva), गिय (giya), गीव (gīva)
  • Iranian: *griHwáH
    • Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁‎ (grīuuā)
    • Pashto: ګروه‎ (grë́wa), ګروې‎ (grë́we), ګرېوه‎ (gréwá)
    • Middle Persian: (/grīw/)[2]
      Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (CWLE), [script needed] (glyw')
    • ⇒ Iranian: *griHwáHnah (“neck, collar”)
      • Pashto: گرېوان‎ (grewā́n), گرېبان‎ (grebā́n)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (glywbʾn' /grīwbān/, “neck-guard”)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University
  2. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  3. Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892), “گریبان”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
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