< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dušmánas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

From the noun.

Adjective

*dušmánas n [1][2]

  1. ill-dispositioned
  2. perverse-minded
  • *dušmanā́s m
    • Indo-Aryan: *duẓmanā́s
      • Sanskrit: दुर्मनास् (durmanā́s)

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *duẓmánas[3]
    • Sanskrit: दुर्मनस् (durmanas, “sad, melancholy”)
  • Iranian: *dušmánah (see there for further descendants)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *dusmenḗs m, *dusménes n. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσμενής (dusmenḗs).

Noun

*dušmánas n

  1. ill-disposition
  2. perversity of the mind

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *duẓmánas
    • Sanskrit: दुर्मनस् (durmanas)

References
  1. Misra, Bal Govind (1967) Historical Phonology of Modern Standard Hindi: Proto-Indo-European to the Present, Cornell University
  2. de Vaan, Michiel (2003), Beekes, R.S.P.; Lubotsky, A.; Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 89
  3. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 163
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