< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃nṓgʰs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions
  • *h₃nógʷʰ-s

Noun

*h₃nṓgʰs m [1]

  1. nail (of the finger or toe)

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *h₃nṓgʰs
genitive *h₃negʰés
singular dual plural
nominative *h₃nṓgʰs *h₃nógʰh₁(e) *h₃nógʰes
vocative *h₃nógʰ *h₃nógʰh₁(e) *h₃nógʰes
accusative *h₃nógʰm̥ *h₃nógʰh₁(e) *h₃nógʰm̥s
genitive *h₃negʰés *? *h₃negʰóHom
ablative *h₃negʰés *? *h₃negʰmós
dative *h₃negʰéy *? *h₃negʰmós
locative *h₃négʰ, *h₃négʰi *? *h₃negʰsú
instrumental *h₃negʰéh₁ *? *h₃negʰbʰí

Derived terms
  • *h₃nogʰ-éh₂
    • Balto-Slavic: *nogā́ˀ[2]
  • *h₃nógʰ-u-s ~ *h₃n̥gʰ-éw-s[3][4]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Hittite: 𒊭𒀭𒆪𒉿𒄿 (ša-an-ku-wa-i)
      • Luwian: [script needed] (ta-am-mu-ga /tammūga/)
    • Balto-Slavic: *nogutios[5]
      • Lithuanian: nagùtis
      • Old Prussian: nagutis
      • Slavic: *nogъtь (see there for further descendants)
    • Celtic: *angʷīnā (< later *h₃n̥gʰ-ú-s[4]) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Italic: *ungus (or < later *h₃n̥gʰ-ú-s)[4]
      • Latin: unguis (see there for further descendants)
    • Tocharian: *mekwā
  • *h₃nógʰ-l̥ ~ *h₃négʰ-n̥s[6]
    • Albanian:
    • Indo-Iranian: *Hnágr̥
      • Iranian: *Hnágr̥[6]
        • Old Median: *nagr̥
          • Talysh: nangыr
        • Wakhi: [script needed] (diɣ̌ə́r), [script needed] (digə́r)
    • ⇒ *h₃nogʰl-ó-s[4][7]
      • Germanic: *naglaz[7] (see there for further descendants)
      • Italic: *unglā[4]
        • Latin: ungula (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *h₃nógʰl-is ~ *h₃n̥gʰl-éys[6]

Descendants
  • Armenian: *unug- (< accusative *h₃nógʰ-m̥)[8]
  • Indo-Iranian: *Hnā́kš (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015), “naga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄνυξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1086-1087
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “unguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 641
  5. Derksen, Rick (2008), “naga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
  6. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2012), “Avestisch nāf° und nabā.-: Flexion und Wortbildung”, in Schindlers Listen: Ein Vierteljahrhundert Jochem-Schindler-Lehre‎, volume 13, Wien
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  8. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 254-255
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