< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷʰer-

  1. warm, hot

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*g%CA%B7%CA%B0er-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *gʷʰer-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *gʷʰer-</a>
  • *gʷʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Albanian: *džera, *džernja
    • Celtic: *gʷereti (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō), θέρομαι (théromai)
  • *gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr-n̥w-énti (nu-present)[1][2]
  • *gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti (reduplicated present)
  • *gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr (perfect)[1]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: gariù, garė́ti
      • Slavic: *gorěti (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰor-éye-ti (causative)[1]
  • *gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)[1]
    • Albanian: *-grē-(h)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Slavic: *grěti (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)
  • *gʷʰér-os ~ *gʷʰér-es-os[2]
  • *gʷʰer-mó-s[5][6][7]
  • *gʷʰor-mó-s[6][7]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Old Prussian: gorme, gormapada[6][7]
    • Germanic: *warmaz (perhaps) (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *formos
    • Indo-Iranian: *gʰarmás
      • Indo-Aryan: *gʰarmás
      • Iranian: *garmáh
        • Central Iranian:
          • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀‎ (garəma)
        • Northeastern Iranian:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (garma-)
        • Western Iranian:
          • Northwestern Iranian:
            • Kurdish: گەرم‎ (garm)
          • Southwestern Iranian:
  • *gʷʰor-nó-s[9]
    • Celtic:
  • *gʷʰr̥-nó-s[9][10]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Slavic: *gъrnъ, *gъrno (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás
      • Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥nás
        • Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá)[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *ɣʷornos[9]

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θέρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 542-543
  3. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0379.
  4. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 379.
  5. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “zjarm”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 429
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “formus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 235
  7. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “θερμός [m.]”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 541-542
  8. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 376.
  9. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fornus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 235
  10. Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъrnъ / *gъrno”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 210
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