< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷerh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷerh₃- [1][2]

  1. to swallow, devour, eat

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*g%CA%B7erh%E2%82%83-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *gʷerh₃-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *gʷerh₃-</a>
  • *gʷérh₃-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)[2][3]
    • Albanian: *en-gra-nti[4][5]
    • Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei[6]
      • Latvian: dzer̂t (“to drink”)
      • Lithuanian: gerti (“to drink”)
        • ⇒ Lithuanian: gìrtas (“drunk, intoxicated”)
      • Slavic: *žèrti (“to devour, eat”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *kwerraną (“to devour”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷérh₃-t ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ént (root athematic)[7]
    • Armenian:
  • *gʷorh₃-éye-ti ~ *gʷorh₃-éy-onti (*éye-causative)[2]
    • Italic: *gʷorō[8]
      • Latin: vorō (“to swallow, devour”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-é-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-ónti ("tudati" thematic root)[2][3]
    • Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háti
      • Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Háti
      • Iranian: *gr̥Háti
        • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨‎ (garəm)
  • *gʷe-gʷórh₃-e ~ *gʷe-gʷr̥h₃-ḗr (stative)[2]
    • Indo-Iranian: *ǰagā́rHa
      • Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agā́rHa
        • Sanskrit: जगार (jagā́ra)
  • *gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱ-éti ~ *gʷi-gʷr̥h₃-sḱ-ónti (reduplicate *sḱe-present)[3]
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat, digest”), ἔβρων (ébrōn, aor. act.), ἐβρώθην (ebrṓthēn, aor. pass.)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρώμα (brṓma, “food prepared with salted [fish] meat and hard fat”), βρώμη (brṓmē, “oat, oats”)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρώσιμος (brṓsimos, “eatable”)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρώσις (brṓsis, “food”)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρωτήρ (brōtḗr), βρωστήρ (brōstḗr, “moth”)
        • ⇒ Ancient Greek: βρωτύς (brōtús, “food”)
  • *gʷerh₃-gʷōrh₃-[7]
  • *gʷerh₃-tló-m[3]
    • Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtló[9]
      • Lithuanian: gerklė̃ (“throat, larynx”), (dialectical) gérklę
      • Slavic: *žerdlò (“throat, mouth”)[9] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷérh₃-tro-s[3]
    • Germanic: *kwerþraz (“bait”)[3]
      • Old High German: querdar
        • Middle High German: querder
  • *gʷerh₃-wéh₂[10]
    • Germanic: *kwerkō (“throat”)[10]
      • Old Frisian: querka
      • Old High German: querka, querkela
        • Middle High German: querke, quarke
      • Old Norse: kverk
        • Norwegian: kverk
        • Faroese: kvørkrar (plural)
  • *gʷo-gʷorh₃-tro-m[7]
  • *gʷorh₃-éh₂
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: βορά (borá, “fodder”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *garáH
      • Indo-Aryan: *garáH
        • Sanskrit: गरा (garā́)
  • *gʷórh₃-o-s
    • Hellenic: *gʷóros
      • Ancient Greek: βόρος (bóros, “swallowing”)
  • *gʷorh₃-ó-s[1][7]
    • Armenian:
    • Indo-Iranian: *garHás
      • Indo-Aryan: *garHás
        • Sanskrit: गर (gará, “fluid, beverage”)
  • *gʷr̥h₃-nó-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hnás
      • Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hnás
        • Sanskrit: गीर्ण (gīrṇá, “swallowed, devoured”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gu̯er-, gu̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 404
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯erh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 211-212
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwerþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 318
  4. Orel, Vladimir (2000) A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language, Leiden: Brill, page 215
  5. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “ngrënë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 297
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015), “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “ker-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 359-360
  8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vorō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 690
  9. Derksen, Rick (2015), “gerklė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
  10. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwerkō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 317
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