< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *twer-. Related to Sanskrit त्वरते (tvarate, “to hurry”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈθwe.rɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þweraną

  1. to swirl, turn, stir

Inflection
Conjugation of *þweraną (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwerō*þweraų—*þwerai*?
2nd singular *þwirizi*þweraiz*þwer*þwerazai*þweraizau
3rd singular *þwiridi*þwerai*þweradau*þweradai*þweraidau
1st dual *þwerōz*þweraiw———
2nd dual *þweradiz*þweraidiz*þweradiz——
1st plural *þweramaz*þweraim—*þwerandai*þweraindau
2nd plural *þwirid*þweraid*þwirid*þwerandai*þweraindau
3rd plural *þwerandi*þwerain*þwerandau*þwerandai*þweraindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þwar*þwērį̄
2nd singular *þwart*þwērīz
3rd singular *þwar*þwērī
1st dual *þwērū*þwērīw
2nd dual *þwērudiz*þwērīdiz
1st plural *þwērum*þwērīm
2nd plural *þwērud*þwērīd
3rd plural *þwērun*þwērīn
present past
participles *þwerandz*þuranaz

Derived terms
  • *þurjaną
  • *þwarǭ
  • *þwēriz
  • *þwirilaz

Descendants
  • Old English: *þweran, ġeþweran
  • Old High German: *dweran, gidweran
    • Middle High German: twern

References
  • Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*þweran-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 555
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