Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nēþlō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nēaną (“to sew”) +‎ *-þlō (“tool”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈnɛːθ.lɔː/

Noun

*nēþlō f

needle

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *nēþlō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*nēþlō	*nēþlôz
vocative	*nēþlō	*nēþlôz
accusative	*nēþlǭ	*nēþlōz
genitive	*nēþlōz	*nēþlǫ̂
dative	*nēþlōi	*nēþlōmaz
instrumental	*nēþlō	*nēþlōmiz

Descendants

Old English: nǣdl
- Middle English: nedle
  - English: needle
Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
- West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
- Saterland Frisian: Näddele
Old Saxon: nāthla
- Middle Low German: nalde, natel; nadel (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
  - Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
  - Plautdietsch: Notel
Old Dutch: nālda
- Middle Dutch: naelde
  - Dutch: naald
    - Afrikaans: naald
Old High German: nādala, nālda
- Middle High German: nādele, nālde
  - German: Nadel
  - Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)
  - Yiddish: נאָדל‎ (nodl)
Old Norse: nál
- Icelandic: nál
- Faroese: nál
- Norwegian: nål
- Elfdalia: ną̊l
- Old Swedish: nāl
  - Swedish: nål
- Old Danish: naal
  - Danish: nål
Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla)
→ Proto-Samic:
- Northern Sami: nállu
- Southern Sami: naaloe

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