< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *laubą (“permission”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑu̯.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*laubijaną

  1. to allow
  2. to praise

Inflection
Conjugation of *laubijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laubijō*laubijaų—*laubijai*?
2nd singular *laubīsi*laubijais*laubī*laubijasai*laubijaisau
3rd singular *laubīþi*laubijai*laubijaþau*laubijaþai*laubijaiþau
1st dual *laubijōs*laubijaiw———
2nd dual *laubijaþiz*laubijaiþiz*laubijaþiz——
1st plural *laubijamaz*laubijaim—*laubijanþai*laubijainþau
2nd plural *laubīþ*laubijaiþ*laubīþ*laubijanþai*laubijainþau
3rd plural *laubijanþi*laubijain*laubijanþau*laubijanþai*laubijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *laubidǭ*laubidēdį̄
2nd singular *laubidēz*laubidēdīz
3rd singular *laubidē*laubidēdī
1st dual *laubidēdū*laubidēdīw
2nd dual *laubidēdudiz*laubidēdīdiz
1st plural *laubidēdum*laubidēdīm
2nd plural *laubidēdud*laubidēdīd
3rd plural *laubidēdun*laubidēdīn
present past
participles *laubijandz*laubidaz

Derived terms
  • *laubaz

Descendants

Descendants of this verb are often found in combination with prefixes: *bi-, *ga-, *uz-, etc.

  • Old English: līefan, lȳfan
  • Old Frisian: lēva
    • North Frisian: leauwjen
    • Saterland Frisian: leeuwe; loowje, lööwje
    • West Frisian: leauwe (?)
  • Old Saxon: *lōvian
    • Middle Low German: *loven
  • Old Dutch: *louven
  • Old High German: *louben
    • Middle High German: louben
      • German: lauben
  • Old Norse: leyfa
    • Icelandic: leyfa
    • Faroese: loyva
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: løyva, løyve
      • Norwegian Bokmål: løyve
  • Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laubjan)
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