< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwiknaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kwikwaz (“alive”) +‎ *-naną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkʷik.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwiknaną [1]

  1. to come to life

Inflection
Conjugation of *kwiknaną (weak class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwiknō*kwiknaų———
2nd singular *kwiknōsi*kwiknais*kwiknō——
3rd singular *kwiknōþi*kwiknai*kwiknōþau——
1st dual *kwiknōs*kwiknaiw———
2nd dual *kwiknaþiz*kwiknaiþiz*kwiknaþiz——
1st plural *kwiknamaz*kwiknaim———
2nd plural *kwiknaþ*kwiknaiþ*kwiknaþ——
3rd plural *kwiknanþi*kwiknain*kwiknanþau——
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwiknōdǭ*kwiknōdēdį̄
2nd singular *kwiknōdēz*kwiknōdēdīz
3rd singular *kwiknōdē*kwiknōdēdī
1st dual *kwiknōdēdū*kwiknōdēdīw
2nd dual *kwiknōdēdudiz*kwiknōdēdīdiz
1st plural *kwiknōdēdum*kwiknōdēdīm
2nd plural *kwiknōdēdud*kwiknōdēdīd
3rd plural *kwiknōdēdun*kwiknōdēdīn
present past
participles *kwiknandz—

Descendants
  • Old Norse: kvikna, kykna
    • Danish: kvikne
    • Old Swedish: qvikna
    • Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne
    • Westrobothnian: kvinkän
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)

Further reading
  • Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, page 259

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwiwa- ~ *kwikwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 320
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