< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knēaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”), the same root as *kunnaną, but the exact mode of derivation is unclear. It may reflect a back-formation from an older *knō-, which could be an original perfective or stative formation.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈknɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*knēaną [1]

  1. to know, recognise, understand

Inflection
Conjugation of *knēaną (strong class 7)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *knēō*knēaų—*knēai*?
2nd singular *knēizi*knēaiz*knē*knēazai*knēaizau
3rd singular *knēidi*knēai*knēadau*knēadai*knēaidau
1st dual *knēōz*knēaiw———
2nd dual *knēadiz*knēaidiz*knēadiz——
1st plural *knēamaz*knēaim—*knēandai*knēaindau
2nd plural *knēid*knēaid*knēid*knēandai*knēaindau
3rd plural *knēandi*knēain*knēandau*knēandai*knēaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *keknō*keknōį̄
2nd singular *keknōt*keknōīz
3rd singular *keknō*keknōī
1st dual *keknōū*keknōīw
2nd dual *keknōudiz*keknōīdiz
1st plural *keknōum*keknōīm
2nd plural *keknōud*keknōīd
3rd plural *keknōun*keknōīn
present past
participles *knēandz*knēanaz

Descendants
  • Old English: cnāwan
  • Old Saxon: knāian, biknegan
  • Old High German: knājan, knāen, knāan, chnāan, chnāhan
  • Old Norse: kná (present indicative form) (a defective verb; present infinitive *knega is unattested)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*knēan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 295
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