Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaidrijō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hlaidrī

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλῖμαξ (klîmax, “ladder”). Related to Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hleiþra, “booth, tent”, literally “that which leans”). Compare also Latin clathri (“trellis”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.dri.jɔː/

Noun

*hlaidrijō f

ladder

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *hlaidrijō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijôz
vocative	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijôz
accusative	*hlaidrijǭ	*hlaidrijōz
genitive	*hlaidrijōz	*hlaidrijǫ̂
dative	*hlaidrijōi	*hlaidrijōmaz
instrumental	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijōmiz

Descendants

Old English: hlǣdre, hlǣder, hlædder, hlæddr-, hlædr-
- Middle English: ladder, laddre
  - Scots: ledder
  - English: ladder
Old Frisian: hladder, hledder, hleder, hlērde
- North Frisian: ladder
- Saterland Frisian: Laadere, Laddere
- West Frisian: ljedder, leider, ljerre
Old Saxon: hlēderi
- Middle Low German: leddere, ledder, lēdere, lēder, leider, ladder
  - German Low German: Ledder
  - Plautdietsch: Lada
Old Dutch: *hleidra, *leidra
- Middle Dutch: ledere, leedre, ledder, laddere, ladere
  - Dutch: ladder, leer
    - Afrikaans: ladder; leer
- Limburgish: lejjer, leier
Old High German: hleitra, hleitara, leitra, leitara
- Middle High German: leiter
  - German: Leiter
  - Luxembourgish: Leeder

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