Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handugaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.du.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*handugaz

handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous

Inflection

Declension of *handugaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugaz	*handugai	*handugō	*handugôz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Accusative	*handuganǭ	*handuganz	*handugǭ	*handugōz	*handugą, -atō	*handugō
Genitive	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugaizōz	*handugaizǫ̂	*handugas, -is	*handugaizǫ̂
Dative	*handugammai	*handugaimaz	*handugaizōi	*handugaimaz	*handugammai	*handugaimaz
Instrumental	*handuganō	*handugaimiz	*handugaizō	*handugaimiz	*handuganō	*handugaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*handugô	*handuganiz	*handugǭ	*handugōniz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Accusative	*handuganų	*handuganunz	*handugōnų	*handugōnunz	*handugô	*handugōnō
Genitive	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂	*handugōniz	*handugōnǫ̂	*handuginiz	*handuganǫ̂
Dative	*handugini	*handugammaz	*handugōni	*handugōmaz	*handugini	*handugammaz
Instrumental	*handuginē	*handugammiz	*handugōnē	*handugōmiz	*handuginē	*handugammiz

Descendants

Old English: hendiġ
- Middle English: hendi, handy
  - Scots: handy
  - English: handy
Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich
- Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich
Old Saxon: *handig
- Maleu-Kilenge: handich
  - German Low German: handig
Old Dutch: *handig
- Middle Dutch: handich
  - Dutch: handig
Old High German: *hantag, *hantīg
- Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic
  - German: handig, händig
Old Norse: hǫndugr
- Icelandic: höndugur
- Faroese: handigur
- Norwegian: hendig
- Swedish: händig
- Danish: hændig
  - → Faroese: hendigur
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)
→ Slavic: *xǫdogъ
- East Slavic:
  - Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)
    - Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)
- South Slavic:
  - Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)
    - Russian: художество (xudožestvo)
    - Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)
- West Slavic:
  - Polish: chędogi

References

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia, The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (Amsterdam/New York 2013) p. 155

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