Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaburjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *burjaną (“to raise, levy”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣɑ.ˈbur.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gaburjaną

to be due; beseem
to rise; emerge
to occur; happen

Inflection

Conjugation of *gaburjaną (weak class 3 in -ja-)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*gaburjō	*gaburjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*gaburaisi	*gaburjais	*gaburai	—	—
3rd singular	*gaburaiþi	*gaburjai	*gaburjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*gaburjōs	*gaburjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gaburjaþiz	*gaburjaiþiz	*gaburjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gaburjamaz	*gaburjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*gaburaiþ	*gaburjaiþ	*gaburaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*gaburjanþi	*gaburjain	*gaburjanþau	—	—

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaburdǭ	*gaburdēdį̄
2nd singular	*gaburdēz	*gaburdēdīz
3rd singular	*gaburdē	*gaburdēdī
1st dual	*gaburdēdū	*gaburdēdīw
2nd dual	*gaburdēdudiz	*gaburdēdīdiz
1st plural	*gaburdēdum	*gaburdēdīm
2nd plural	*gaburdēdud	*gaburdēdīd
3rd plural	*gaburdēdun	*gaburdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*gaburjandz	*gaburdaz

Related terms

*burjô
*gaburjōną

Descendants

Old English: ġebyrian, ġebyrġian, ġebyrede
- Middle English: ȝebürien, birrde, bürde
  - Scots: byrde, byrd, bird
Old Frisian: bera
- West Frisian: barre
Old Saxon: giburian
- Middle Low German: geboren, gebören
  - Low German: geböhren
  - → Saterland Frisian: geböäre
Frankish: *gaburjan
- Old Dutch: geburran
  - Middle Dutch: gheboren, gheburen
    - Dutch: gebeuren
Old High German: gaburjan, giburien, giburren, geburen
- Middle High German: gebürn
  - German: gebühren
  - Luxembourgish: gebiren

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