Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fr- (“for, forward”) +‎ *-umô (“superlative”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr- (“before, formerly; through, throughout”) (see *per-) + Pre-Germanic *-m̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸru.mɔːː/

Adjective

ordinal number
1st	Previous:	n/a
1st	Next:	*anþeraz

*frumô

first

Inflection

Declension of *frumô (an/īn-stem)

Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*frumô	*frumaniz	*frumį̄	*frumīniz	*frumô	*frumōnō
Accusative	*frumanų	*frumanunz	*frumīnų	*frumīnunz	*frumô	*frumōnō
Genitive	*fruminiz	*frumanǫ̂	*frumīniz	*frumīnǫ̂	*fruminiz	*frumanǫ̂
Dative	*frumini	*frumammaz	*frumīni	*frumīmaz	*frumini	*frumammaz
Instrumental	*fruminē	*frumammiz	*frumīnē	*frumīmiz	*fruminē	*frumammiz

Synonyms

Derived terms

Adjectival forms:

Old English: forma
- Middle English: forme
  - ⇒ Middle English: former (comparative)
    - English: former
    - Scots: formar
Old Norse: *frum-
- Icelandic: frum-
- Faroese: frum-
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)

Noun forms:

Old English: fruma (“beginning; prince; originator”)
Old Frisian: froma (“use, benefit”)
Old Saxon: fruma (“use, benefit”)
- Middle Low German: vrōme (“use, benefit”)
Old Dutch: *fruma
- Middle Dutch: vrome (“use, benefit”)
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: vrome (“firm, upright”, adjective)
    - Dutch: vroom (“pious”)
Old High German: fruma (“use, benefit”)
- Middle High German: vrome, vrume
  - German: Fromme
  - ⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)
    - German: fromm
    - Yiddish: פֿרום‎ (frum)
      - → English: frum, frummer

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