Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/birkijǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos. Cognate with Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá, “a species of birch”), Proto-Slavic *berza (“birch”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbir.ki.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*birkijǭ f

birch

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *birkijǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
vocative	*birkijǭ	*birkijōniz
accusative	*birkijōnų	*birkijōnunz
genitive	*birkijōniz	*birkijōnǫ̂
dative	*birkijōni	*birkijōmaz
instrumental	*birkijōnē	*birkijōmiz

Related terms

*berkō

Descendants

Old English: beorċ, bierċe, birċe
- Middle English: birche, birk
  - Scots: birk
  - English: birch
Old Frisian: birk
- West Frisian: bjirk
Old Saxon: birka, berka
- Middle Low German: berke, barke
  - Low German: Bark
  - Plautdietsch: Boakj
Old Dutch: *berka (attested in Berclar
- Middle Dutch: berke
  - Dutch: berk
Old High German: birihha, birka, bircha
- Middle High German: birke (< birka, bircha)
  - German: Birke
  - Luxembourgish: Bierk
Old Norse: bjǫrk
- Icelandic: björk
- Faroese: bjørk
- Norwegian
  - Bokmål: bjørk, bjerk
  - Nynorsk: bjørk
- Old Swedish: biork
  - Swedish: björk
- Old Danish: birk, *biork
  - Danish: birk
- Westrobothnian: bjerk
- Elfdalian: byörk
- Gutnish: bjärk
- Scanian: birk

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