Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.rɔːː/

Noun

*arô m [1]

eagle

Inflection

Originally an n-stem with the zero grade forms of the suffix, as in *berô and Latin carō.

consonant stemDeclension of *arô (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*arô	*arniz
vocative	*arô	*arniz
accusative	*arnų	*arnunz
genitive	*arniz	*arnǫ̂
dative	*arni	*arnumaz
instrumental	*arnē	*arnumiz

Descendants

In most languages, the non-nominative stem was generalised, generally as a u-stem.

Old English: earn
- Middle English: earn, ærn, erne, ern
  - Scots: erne, ern, airne
  - English: erne
Old Frisian: *ern
- North Frisian: earn, iarn
- West Frisian: earn
Old Saxon: *arn
- Middle Low German: arn, arne
  - Low German: Aar
Old Dutch: *arn
- Middle Dutch: āer, āren
  - Dutch: aar, arend
Old High German: aro, arn
- Middle High German: are, adelar (< adel-are)
  - German: Aar, Adler
  - Saterland Frisian: Oadeler
  - Plautdietsch: Odla
  - Dutch: adelaar
Old Norse: ari, ǫrn
- Icelandic: ari, örn
- Faroese: ørn
- Norwegian: ørn
- Old Swedish: ørn
  - Swedish: örn
    - → Westrobothnian: -ør, -øɳ, -örnn
- Old Danish: ørn
  - Danish: ørn
- Westrobothnian: ar (< *arn)
- Elfdalian: örn
- Gutnish: ann, örn
- Scanian: ǫrn
Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌰 (ara)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aran- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 32

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aran- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 32