Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óytos (“oath”). Cognate with Latin ūtor (“use, employ, avail”), Old Irish óeth (“oath”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.θɑz/

Noun

*aiþaz m [1]

oath

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *aiþaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aiþaz	aiþōz, aiþōs
vocative	*aiþ	aiþōz, aiþōs
accusative	*aiþą	*aiþanz
genitive	aiþas, aiþis	*aiþǫ̂
dative	*aiþai	*aiþamaz
instrumental	*aiþō	*aiþamiz

Derived terms

*aiþijaną

Descendants

Old English: āþ
- Middle English: ath, oth, ooth
  - English: oath
  - Scots: aith, athe
Old Frisian: ēth
- North Frisian: ith, iss
- Saterland Frisian: Eed
- West Frisian: eed
Old Saxon: ēth
- Middle Low German: êt
  - German Low German: Eed
  - Plautdietsch: Eit
Old Dutch: *ēth
- Middle Dutch: eet
  - Dutch: eed
    - Afrikaans: eed
Old High German: eid
- Middle High German: eit
  - German: Eid
  - Luxembourgish: Eed
- ⇒ Old High German: aidos pl (“oath-helpers”)
Old Norse: eiðr
- Icelandic: eiður
- Faroese: eiður
- Norwegian Nynorsk: eid
- Norwegian Bokmål: ed
- Old Swedish: ēþer
  - Swedish: ed
- Old Danish: ēþ, eth
  - Danish: ed
- Gutnish: aid
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (aiþs)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 15

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aiþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 15