< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-āną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Somewhat uncertain. Reconstructed by Ringe[1] as originating from earlier *-ajaną, from Proto-Indo-European *-oyéti (factitive verb suffix). The reconstruction of this Indo-European suffix is uncertain, but it would also be the origin of the Ancient Greek -όω (-óō) contracted verbs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *-āną (weak class 3 in -ā-)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *-ō | *? | — | *? | *? |
| 2nd singular | *-aisi | *? | *-ai | *-āsai | *? |
| 3rd singular | *-aiþi | *? | *-āþau | *-āþai | *? |
| 1st dual | *-ōs | *? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *-āþiz | *? | *-āþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *-āmaz | *? | — | *-ānþai | *? |
| 2nd plural | *-aiþ | *? | *-aiþ | *-ānþai | *? |
| 3rd plural | *-ānþi | *? | *-ānþau | *-ānþai | *? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *-adǭ | *-adēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *-adēz | *-adēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *-adē | *-adēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *-adēdū | *-adēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *-adēdudiz | *-adēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *-adēdum | *-adēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *-adēdud | *-adēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *-adēdun | *-adēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *-āndz | *-adaz | |||
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_class_3_weak_verbs_in_-%C4%81-' title='Category:Proto-Germanic class 3 weak verbs in -ā-'>Proto-Germanic class 3 weak verbs in -ā-</a>
Descendants
This suffix was no longer productive in any of the daughter languages, and in West Germanic it quickly became a relic class and mostly merged with the second weak class, except in Old High German where it was preserved longer. In Old High German and Gothic, the class of verbs formed by this suffix merged with the stative verbs in *-(i)janą, creating a single unified third weak class.
References
- Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
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