< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tus.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /θuz/

Noun

*-þuz m

  1. Forms result nouns from verb roots, usually from strong verbs.

Inflection
u-stemDeclension of *-þuz (u-stem)
singular plural
nominative *-þuz *-þiwiz
vocative *-þu *-þiwiz
accusative *-þų *-þunz
genitive *-þauz *-þiwǫ̂
dative *-þiwi *-þumaz
instrumental *-þū *-þumiz

Usage notes

There are several variant forms based on the final consonant of the stem and the original position of the accent:

  • Ending in a dental: *-suz (with the Germanic spirant law applied)
  • Ending in an obstruent: *-tuz (with the Germanic spirant law applied)
  • Otherwise: *-þuz, *-duz

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_words_suffixed_with_*-%C3%BEuz' title='Category:Proto-Germanic words suffixed with *-þuz'>Proto-Germanic words suffixed with *-þuz</a>

Descendants

This suffix was no longer productive in the daughter languages. The following lists outcomes of derived terms.

  • Old English: -þ, -d, -t
    • English: -th, -d, -t
  • Old Saxon: -th
  • Old Dutch: *-t
    • Dutch: -t, -d
  • Old High German: -d; -t
    • Middle High German: ; -t
      • German: -de, -d; -t
  • Old Norse: -ðr
    • Icelandic: -ður
    • Faroese: -ður
    • Swedish: -d
    • Danish: -d
  • Gothic: -𐌸𐌿𐍃 (-þus)
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