-ʼĄ́

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʼa (“to handle compact object”), with nasalized perfective *ʼa-nʸ.

One of the most productive root occurring in all Athabaskan languages, in a wide range of themes and specialized meanings.

Cognate root found in Ahtna zʼaan (“it is in position”), yiniʼaan (“he arrived carrying it”), diniʼaan (“he brought the news”), nikuniʼaan (“it is planned”), [Term?] (“sun moves”), with similar extended meanings.

Root

-ʼĄ́

to handle SRO

Motion themes:

Theme	O + Ø	ʼa + Ø	O + di + Ø	O + ł + d	ni + d
Ø-MOM Ø a di dii ałná ha hadii na ńdíníi yisdá	S handles SRO yiʼaah iiʼaah yidiʼaah yidiiʼaah — haiʼaah haidiiʼaah neiʼaah néidíníiʼaah yisdéíʼaah	S moves (the sun) — eʼeʼaah adiʼaah adiiʼaah ałnéʼéʼaah haʼaʼaah — — — —	S handles abstract O (a song); S relaxes O — iidiʼaah yididiʼaah — — haidiʼaah — — — —	S carries O (fire) yiłtʼaah iiłtʼaah yidiłtʼaah yidiiłtʼaah — haiłtʼaah — — — —	S moves head nitʼaah anitʼaah — — — hanitʼaah — — — —
ni-MOM Ø chʼi ni#	yíʼaah chʼííʼaah niyíʼaah	— chʼéʼéʼaah —	yideeʼaah chʼíideeʼaah neideeʼaah	yíłtʼaah chʼííłtʼaah niyíłtʼaah	— chʼíneetʼaah nineetʼaah
CONT PROG	neiʼá yooʼááł	— ooʼááł	neidiʼaʼ (DIV) —	neiłtʼá yoołtʼááł	nanitʼá nootʼááł
Misc.		eʼełʼaah			dininitʼaah dínítʼaah

Theme

ho + Ø

O + di + d

ádąąh O + d

Ø-MOM

Ø
di
di+hi

S plans, suggests,
complains

—
(yi)hodi'aah
ni' hodii'aah

S carries food

—
—
—

S puts O on self
(head, finger)

—
—
—

ni-MOM

chʼi
ni#
ni#dini

ch'íhó'aah
nihó'aah
—

—
—
—

—
niyítʼaah
niidineetʼaah

CONT

PROG

(yi)nahaʼá
hooʼááł

nʼditʼá
yidootʼááł

Other themes:

Theme

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-ʼaah	-ʼą́	-ʼááł	-ʼááh	-ʼááł
CONT	-ʼá	-ʼą́	-ʼaał	-ʼaah	-ʼaał
TRANS	-ʼaah	-ʼaʼ	-ʼaał	-ʼaah	-ʼaah
NEUT	-	-ʼą́	-	-	-

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

SRO verbs:

-NEʼ (propel SRO)
-TSʼID (SRO moves)

to sing:

-ʼAʼ
-KʼAAZH (falsetto)
-TÁÁL

to act with body:

-CHID (hand)
-ʼEEZ (foot)
-NEʼ (head)
-NIIʼ (hand)
-TÁÁL (foot)

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ʼĄ́ (handle SRO)

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