-ior
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *-jōs, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs, for original **-yoss, i.e. the neuter s-stem *-yos with masculine nominative *-s. The ō from the nominative case was made common to all cases. Afterwards nom.sg. -iōr > -ior, by Latin sound laws. Thus paradoxically, as in the r-stems (soror, -tor, -or), in the resulting paradigm the one form with a short stem vowel is the only form whose stem was etymologically long.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /i.or/, [i.ɔr] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix
-ior m or f (neuter -ius); third declension
- forms adjectives’ comparative degrees
- esculentus → esculentior
- pūtidus → pūtidior
- ulter → ulterior (not *ultrior)
Usage notes
- This suffix is usually appended to the oblique stem of the adjective’s absolute degree.
Declension
Third declension, comparative variant
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -ior | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra | |
| Genitive | -iōris | -iōris | -iōrum | -iōrum | |
| Dative | -iōrī | -iōrī | -iōribus | -iōribus | |
| Accusative | -iōrem | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra | |
| Ablative | -iōre | -iōre | -iōribus | -iōribus | |
| Vocative | -ior | -ius | -iōrēs | -iōra | |
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Latin_words_suffixed_with_-ior' title='Category:Latin words suffixed with -ior'>Latin words suffixed with -ior</a>
See also
- -issimus (suffix forming adjectives’ superlative degrees)
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Further reading
- “-ior” on page 964/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
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